Theater

bruh

1

1: Mammoth tusk figure of a human with a lion’s head

Hohlenstein-Stadel, Ulm (Germany)

Ulm Museum

Upper Palaeolitihic, Aurignacian period, 38,000-33,000 BCE

2

2: Cave painting of a bird-headed man, bison, and rhinoceros

Lascaux cave, Dordogne (France)

in situ

Upper Palaeolithic, Magdalenian period, 15,000-13,000 BCE

3

3: Limestone mask decorated with paint

Nahal Hemar cave, Judean Desert (Israel)

Israel Museum (Jerusalem)

Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, 7th millenium BCE

4

4: The “Sorcerer”

Trois Frères cave, Montesquieu-Avantès (France)

in situ

Upper Palaeolithic, 13,000 BCE

5

5: Mask made with a red deer antler frontlet with carved eyeholes

Star Carr, Scarborough (UK)

Yorkshire Museum (Scarborough)

Mesolithic, 9,300-8,500 BCE

6

6: The Stela of Emhab

Edfu (Egypt)

Egyptian Museum of Cairo (Egypt)

XVII Dynasty, 16th cent. BCE

7

7: Ikhernofret Stela

Abydos (Egypt)

Egyptian Museum of Berlin (Germany)

1879-1846 BCE (Sesotris III)

8

8: Papyrus Ramesseum B (the “Dramatic Papyrus”)

Thebes (Egypt)

The British Museum of London (UK)

1962-1928 BCE (Sesotris I)

9

9: The Shabaka Stone

Memphis (Egypt)

The British Museum of London (UK)

716-702 BCE

10

10: The Triumph of Horus

Edfou (Egypt)

in situ

110 BCE

11

11: The Sacred Lake of the Dendera Temple Complex

Dendera (Egypt)

in situ

4th cent. BCE

12

12: Procession of the Choiak festival

Denderah (Egypt)

in situ

4th cent. BCE

13

13: Cartonnage mask of Anubis

Thebes (Egypt)

Royal Pump Room Museum of Harrogate (UK)

8th-4th cent. BCE

14

14: Terracotta mask of Anubis

Egypt

Pelizaeus Museum of Hildesheim (Germany)

6th cent. BCE

15

15: The ziggurat of Ur

Ur (Iraq)

in situ

2100 BCE

16

16: Clay tablet preserving the Baal Cycle

Ugarit (Syria)

?

1500 BCE

17

17: The Temple of Astarte at Kition

Kition (Cyprus)

in situ

6th-5th cent. BCE

18

18: Canaanite terracotta masks (Baal?)

Hazor (Israel)

Israel Museum of Jerusalem (Israel)

14th-13th cent. BCE

19

19: Phoenician terracotta grinning mask

Carthage (Tunisia)

Bardo Museum of Tunis (Tunisia)

6th cent. BCE

20

20: Limestone male figure holding a mask of a lion against his head with his left hand

Golgoi - Ayios Photios (Cyprus)

The Met (USA)

late 6th cent. BCE

21

21: Terracotta figurine of a priest wearing a bull mask

Cyprus

The Met (USA)

750-600 BCE

22

22: Terracotta statuette of a human wearing a bull mask

Agia Irini (Cyprus)

Medelhavsmuseet of Stockholm (Sweden)

7th cent. BCE

23

23: Priest wearing a bull mask

Cyprus

Louvre (France)

530-520 BCE

24

24: Limestone figure with a stag mask

Golgoi - Ayios Photios (Cyprus)

The Met (USA)

6th cent. BCE

25

25: Limestone statue of a man hoding a mask in the form of a bull’s head

Golgoi - Ayios Photios (Cyprus)

The Met (USA)

400-350 BCE

26

26: Limestone figure wearing a mask

Golgoi - Ayios Photios (Cyprus)

The Met (USA)

575-550 BCE

27

27: Terracotta statuette of a male figure holding the head and neck of a mask or image

necropolis of Ormidhia (Cyprus)

The Met (USA)

750-600 BCE

28

28: The “Theatral Area”

Knossos, Crete (Greece)

in situ

ca. 1,500 BCE

29

29: The “Grandstand” fresco

Knossos, Crete (Greece)

Museum of Cycladic Art at Athens (Greece)

ca. 1,500 BCE

30

30: Fresco fragment with three donkey-headed daemons holding a wooden pole from which their prey hangs

Mycenae (Greece)

National Archaeological Museum / Archaeological Sit of Mycenae (Greece)

14th cent. BCE

31

31: Bronze statuette of Minotaur

Olympia (Greece)

Louvre (Paris)

8th-7th cent. BCE

32

32: The theatre of Epidauros

Epidauros (Greece)

in situ

4th cent. BCE

33

33: The theatre of Thorikos

Thorikos (Greece)

in situ

525-480 BCE

34

34: Mask from the sanctuary of theatre of Artemis Orthia

Sparta (Greece)

?

end of 7th - beginning of 6th cent. BCE

35

35: The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia

Sparta (Greece)

in situ

570 BCE

36

36: Terracotta ceremonial mask

Tiryns (Greece)

Nafplion Archaeological Museum (Greece)

7th cent. BCE

37

37: The Choregoi vase

Puglia (Italy)

J. Paul Getty Museum at Malibu (USA)

380 BCE

38

38: Terracotta figurine of actor as donkey

unknown

Staatliche Antikensammlungen at Munchen (Germany)

5th cent. BCE

39

39: Greek ceramic theatre mask

unknown

Bochum (Germany)

6th-5th cent. BCE

40

40: Terracotta comic mask

Athens, Stoà of Attalus (Greece)

Stoà of Attalus Museum

250-200 BCE

41

41: Terracotta theatre mask

Athens, Stoà of Attalus (Greece)

Stoà of Attalus Museum

250-200 BCE

42

42: Terracotta theatre mask of young man

unknown

Staatliche Antikensammlungen at Munich (Germany)

2nd cent. BCE43

43

43: Bust of Aeschylus (ca. 525/524 - ca. 456/455 BCE)

unknown

National Archaeological Museum of Naples (Italy)

Roman copy (30 BCE) of an ordinal Greek bronze herms (340-320 BCE)

44

44: Bust of Sophocles (ca. 497/496 - 406/405 BCE)

Latium (Italy)

Prado (Spain)

150 CE

45

45: Bust of Euripides (ca. 480 - ca. 406 BCE)

unknown

Vatican Museum at Rome (Italy)

Roman copy of a Greek original (4th cent. BCE)

46

46: Bust of Aristophanes (ca. 450-385 BCE)

Tivoli (Italy)

Uffizi Gallery (Florence)

2nd cent. CE Roman copy of a Greek original

47

47: The Pronomos vase

Ruvo (Italy)

National Archaeological Museum of Naples (Italy)

400 BCE

48

48: Stone relief showing an aulos player and his family standing before Dionysus and Ariadne, with theatrical masks

Attica (Greece)

Glyptothek Munich (Germany)

4th cent. BCE

49

49: Pottery with representation of Arktoi

Brauron (Greece)

Museum of Brauron (Greece)

450-400 BCE

50

50: The veil of Despoina

Lykosoura (Greece)

National Archaeological Museum at Athens (Greece)

175-150 BCE

51

51: Fresco with representation of a dancing ‘phersu’

Tomb of the Augurs, Tarquinia (Italy)

in situ

530-520 BCE

52

52: Fresco with representation of a ‘phersu’

Tomb of Pulcinella, Tarquinia (Italy)

in situ

510-500 BCE

53

53: Fresco with representation of a ‘phersu’

Tomb of the Augurs, Tarquinia (Italy)

in situ

530-520 BCE

54

54: Mixing bowl (phlyax krater) with comic actor costumed as an old man running with cakes and fruits

Taranto (Italy)

Museum of Fine Arts at Boston (USA)

350 BCE

55

55: Sicilian red-figured calyx-krater representing a phylax scene with master and slave

Sicily (Italy)

Louvre (France)

350-340 BCE

56

56: Terracotta figurine of a Maccus actor from the Atellan farce

unknown (Italy)

Louvre (France)

1st cent. BCE

57

57: Terracotta figurine of an actor from the Atellan farce

Canino (Italy)

British Museum (UK)

2nd cent. BCE

58

58: Reconstruction of the temple of the Great Mother on the Palantine Hill at Rome

Rome (Italy)

in situ

2nd cent. BCE

59

59: Reconstruction of the temple of the Fortuna Primigenia at Palestrina

Palestrina (Italy)

in situ

2nd cent. BCE

60

60: The temple B at Pietrabbondante

Pietrabbondante (Italy)

in situ

120-90 BCE

61

61: Reconstruction of the temple of Hercules Victor at Tivoli

Tivoli (Italy)

in situ

2nd cent. BCE

62

62: The theatre-temple complex of Pietravairano

Mount San Nicola, Pietravairano (Italy)

in situ

2nd cent. BCE

63

63: The theatre-temple complex of Munigua

Munigua, Sevilla (Spain)

in situ

1st cent. CE

64

64: The theatre of Pompey at Rome

Rome (Italy)

in situ

55 BCE

65

65: Terracotta tragic mask

Rome (Italy)

British Museum of London (UK)

1st-2nd cent. CE

66

66: Relief with Melpomene (Muse of tragedy) holding a mask of satyr

Temple of Qasr al-Bint in Raqmu-Petra (Jordan)

The Jordan Museum, Ammam (Jordan)

1st half of 1st cent. CE

67

67: Relief with the poet Menander with masks of New Comedy

Rome (Italy)

Princeton Art Museum (USA)

1st cent. BCE - early 1st cent. CE

68

68: Mosaic depicting a tragic mask in the midst of fruits, flowers, and garlands

House of the Faun, Pompeii (Italy)

National Archaeological Museum of Naples (Italy)

1st cent. BCE

69

69: Ivory diptych of Consul Flavius Anastasius with circus scenes

Byzantium (Turkey)

Bibliotheque Nationale, Cabinet des Medailles, Paris (France)

517 CE

70

70: Ivory diptych with circus scenes

Byzantium (Turkey)

Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg (Russia)

5th cent. CE

71

71: Miniature from “Li Romans d’Alixandre” with figures wearing animal masks

unknown

Bodleian Library of Oxford (UK)

1340 CE

72

72: Mosaic possibly representing a scene of Isiac initiation

Daphne, Antakya (Turkey)

Hatay Arkeoloji Müzesi, Antakya (Turkey)

2nd cent. CE

73

73: Vignette of the month of November in Philocalus’ Calendar from the Codex Barberini

unknown

Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Rome (Italy)

354 CE

74

74: Painted calendar with the month of October

Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome (Italy)

in situ

beginning of 4th cent. CE

75

75: Marble statue of mourning Isis

Fiesole (Italy)

Civic Museum of Fiesole (Italy)

2nd cent. CE

76

76: Stela with representation of two Isiac priests (one of them an Anubophorus)

Samos (Greece)

Vathic Archaeological Museum at Samos (Greece)

2nd cent. BCE

77

77: Altar with representation of Anubophorus

Sisak (Croatia)

National Museum of Slovenia (Slovenia)

late 2nd - early 3rd cent. CE

78

78: Three-handled jug decorated with representation of Isiac procession

Orange (France)

The Met (USA)

end of the 2nd - beginning of the 3rd cent. CE

79

79: Fresco with representation of Anubophorus

Pompeii (Italy)

National Archaeological Museum of Naples (Italy)

62-79 CE

80

80: Mosaic with representation of the month November

El Djem (Tunisia)

Archaeological Museum of Sousse (Tunisia)

3rd cent. CE

81

81: Egyptian wall-paiting with fight between a demon and a human figure

Tomb of 1897, Akhmim (Egypt)

in situ

1st-2nd cent. CE

82

82: Relief with Mithraic initiates at a ritual meal

Konjic (Bosnia)

National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo (Bosnia Herzegovina)

4th cent. CE

83

83: Mosaic with athletic games performed in the Iseum during the Eusebeia

Pozzuoli (Italy)

in situ

2nd cent. CE

84

84: T

85

85: The pronaos of the Temple of Isis at Pompeii from a drawing by G.B. Piranesi

Pompeii (Italy)

in situ

62-79 CE (last phase: orig. phase late 2nd cent. BCE)

86

86: Fresco representing an Isiac ritual

Herculaneum (Italy)

National Archaeological Museum of Naples (Italy)

1st cent. CE

87

87: Fresco representing an Isiac ritual with a sacred dance

Herculaneum (Italy)

National Archaeological Museum of Naples (Italy)

1st cent. CE

88

88: Relief representing an Isiac ritual

Via Appia, Ariccia (Italy)

National Museum of Rome, Palazzo Altemps (Italy)

2st cent. CE

89

89: The Temple of Isis at Sybaris

Sybaris (Italy)

in situ

1st cent. CE

90

90: The complex Theatre + Temple of Isis at Pompeii

Pompeii (Italy)

in situ

62-79 CE (last phase: orig. phase late 2nd cent. BCE)

91

91: The complex Theatre + Temple of Isis at Messene

Messene (Greece)

in situ

2nd cent. CE

92

92: The complex Theatre + Temple of Isis at Italica

Italica, Santiponce (Spain

in situ

1st-2nd cent. CE

93

93: The complex Theatre + Temple of Isis at Bulla Regia

Bulla Regia, Hammam Darradji (Tunisia)

in situ

1st-2nd cent. CE

94

94: The complex Theatre + Temple of Isis at Verona

Verona (Italy)

in situ

1st cent. CE

95

95: Inscription with names of the winners at the competition of the Sarapieia

Tanagra (Greece)

Thebes Museum (Greece)

90-85 BCE

96

96: Bronze thymiaterion with Isiac singer

unknown

J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu (USA)

mid-st cent. CE

97

97: Statue of Caius Fundilius Doctus, parasitus Apollinis

Nemi (Italy)

Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen (Denmark)

end of the 1st cent. BCE

98

98: Base of the status of Caius Norbanus Sorex

Nemi (Italy)

Museum of the Roman Boats of Nemi (Italy)

1st cent. CE

99

99: Hermes of Caius Norbanus Sorex

Temple of Isis, Pompeii (Italy)

National Archaeological Museum of Naples (Italy)

1st cent. CE

100

100: Bronze figurine of Isiac actor

Gaza (Palestina)

Collection A. Herrman

1st cent. CE