Psychology

psychodynamic psychology

focus on life experience, connects concious and unconcious mind, how childhood shapes person

unconscious mind

what we are unaware of, defines neurotic behaviour (what we dotn have to think about)

dopamine

hormone responsible for pleasure, reward, motivation, too much or too little leads to disorders

abnormal behaviours

atypical reactions compared to context and culture

Psychoanalytic theory

freuds id, superego, and ego

id

innate desires, pleasure seeking, aggression, sexual impulse

superego

morals, ethics, values, parental senses

ego

common behavioiur

sublimation

defence mechanism; relieving stress in socially acceptable way

Denial

defense mechanism; blocking from awareness

regression

defense mechanism; moving back in psychological time

displacement

defense mechanism; subsition unacceptable (anger issues, ie)

projection

defense mechanism; place worries on someone else

compensation

defense mechanism; over achieve in different field

personality

traits, behaviours, motive

extrovert

energize from social situations

introvert

energize from alone time

cognitive psychology

studies thought, mental process

sensory memory

memories that recieve no attention, last 1/2 of a second. capacity is large and encoding system is sense specific

short-term memory

memory that recieves some attention and lasts 15-30s. capacity can store 5-9 items and encoding is auditory based.

long-term memory

memory is linked in meaningful way and remains for unlimited period. capacity is unlimited.

behavioural psychology

studies what people do and act on, needs empirical evidence to prove

learning

change in knowledge as result of experiment

mental distress

is common and revesible, occurs when put in some stress, is a mild concern, angry upset

mental health problem

significant functional impairment of moderate concern, hopeless grief

mental health disorder

persistent functional impairment of severe concern, depression anxiety diagnosable

ivan pavlov

discovered classical conditioning and conditioned reflex

carl jung

theorized about collective unconcious, and made trait theory of sensation intuition, feeling and thinking

albert bardura

learning by observation, formed cognitive process theory, attention retention reproduction motivation

sigmund freud

developed psychoanalysis (treating mentally ill and theory to explain human behaviour) and developed psychosexual development

psychosexual development

personality development in childhood 5 stages

oral stage PSD

children use mouth for pleasure, around age 0-1

anal stage PSD

children potty train, use bladder and anus for pleasure, age 1-3

phallic stage PSD

children discover genitalia for pleasure, age 3-6

latency stage PSD

sex drive inactive but socializing occurs, age 6-puberty

genital

libido is active and sexual attraction begins, intercourse is goal, begins at puberty

jean piaget

developed theory of cognitive development

cognitive development

childrens intelligence undergoes changes

sensorimotor stage CD

uses senses to discover things, association with feeling, age 0-2

preoperational stage CD

symbolic thinking, grammar begins, imagination is key, age 2-7

concrete operational stage CD

children begin to appreciate concepts, knowledge of permanent, unchangeable things is begun, age 7-11

formal operational stage CD

free thinking occurs, hypothetical thinking can happen, age 11+

Erik erikson

developed psychosocial stages of development

psychosocial development

social awareness and morality in people develops

**Trust vs. mistrust**

**trusting in parents occurs, Birth to 1**

**Autonomy vs. shame and doubt**

prefrences and independance, children feel secure in themselves, 1-3

**Initiative vs. guilt**

socializing with others typically happens, 3-5

**Industry vs. inferiority**

children begin comparing themselves to others, 5-12

**Identity vs. confusion**

children figure out who they are and where they fit in to society, 12-13

**Intimacy vs. isolation**

people build long term relationships, 18-40

**Generativity vs. stagnation**

people begin to give to others, 40-65

**Integrity vs. despair**

people reflect on their life, 65+

classical conditioning

associating something that naturally causes a reaction to something that doesn’t, making that reaction occur on command when the other is displayed

operant conditioning

using reinforcement to control behaviour

observational learning

association based on watching others

phineas gage

rod lodged through frontal cortex, no harmful brain damage but a loss of personality and a growth in anger

charles whitman

brain tumour pressing on amygdala, shot several people

henry molaisen

suffered from seizures, removed hypocampus and amygdala, lost memory of past 11 years and could not make new memories

little albert

classically conditioned baby to be afraid of mouse by associating it with loud noise, failure to decondition the child and passed away at age 6

pavlovs dog

classically conditioned to salivate at sound of bell

b f skinner

discovered operant conditioning

positive reinforcement

adding a factor to increase behaviour

negative reinforcement

removing a factor to increase behaviour

universal emotions

joy, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise

teenage brain

very adaptable

frontal lobe

planning, decision making and speech

parietal lobe

sensory control, behind frontal and above occipital

temporal lobe

auditory, under frontal beside occipital

occipital lobe

vision, back and bottom

thalamus

sensory and motor functions, deep in middle of brain

hypothalamus

regulates temp., thirst, hunger, sleep, 24h clock, mood, and sex drive, below thalamus

amygdala

fight or flight, emotion and fear

hippocampus

learning and memory, under cerebral cortex

pons

transfers data in cerebrum and cerebellum

medula

breathing, heart rate, digestion, sneezing, swallowing

thalamus

what is the grey area?

hypothalamus

what is the green area?

amygdala

what is the purple area?

hippocampus

what is the blue area?

cerebrum

what is the pink area?

cerebellum

what is the orange area?

pons

what is under the purple area?

medula

what is at the bottom of the brainstem?