Enlightenment

What is Enlightenment

Humanities emergence from self-imposed immaturity, the inability to know ones own understanding w/out another,caused by laziness

John Locke (1632-1704)

English philosopher, argued for national rights, and government by consent

Voltaire (1694-1779)

advocate for civil liberties, freedom of religion, critiqued catholic church and French monarchy

Montesquieu (1689-1757)

french thinker proposed separation of government power (legislative, judicial, executive) to prevent tyranny

Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

argued for social contract, popular sovereignty, focused on “general will”, where people consent to laws serve common good

David Humme (1711-1776)

Scottish philosopher, emphasized skepticism, and experience as basis of knowledge, questioning traditional way of life

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

German philosopher, urged individuals to “dare to know” and think for themselves

Adam Smith (1723-1790)

Scottish economist/philosopher, father of modern economics argued for free markets

when was the French and Indian War

1754-1763

Who went toe to toe in the French and Indian War

British colonist and the Iroquois confederacy VS French colonist and Native Americans

Why did the French and Indian War occur

territorial disputes; both countries wanted to control the Ohio River Valley for its resources and strategic location

What role did George Washington play in the French and Indian War?

Led troops in the Ohio River Valley, where he clashed with the French, sparking the war, he experienced defeat at fort necessity but later worked for General Bradducks

How did the the French and Indian War end?

The Treaty Of Paris giving Britain vast new territories which are Canada and all land east of Mississippi

What was the outcome of the French and Indian War

led to Britain in massive debt, causing the new colonies to help pay for it (stamp act), resentment sparked American revolution

What was the outcomes for FRANCE in the French and Indian War

Lost all of its northern possessions; reducing colonial power

What was the outcomes for NATIVE AMERICANS in the French and Indian War

faced increased land loss due to aggressive British settlement, their position weekend making it harder to protect their land

Talk about Adam smiths total view on capitalism: like trade markets and how it’ll balance its self

heilmer vids

What were the taxes Britain implemented?

Stamp act (1756), Townsend act (1767), Tea Act (1773)

Why did settlers use the slogan “No taxation without representation”

They should not be subjected to taxes because their not represented in British Parliament

What is Mercantilism

An economic policy where government regulates trade to increase national wealth & power

Why was Mercantilism used

to build state power, ensure self sufficiency, create employment, and stockpile metals (gold +silver)

What were Adam smiths views on mercantilism

believed government intervention as distorting markets, hindering natural economic growth, leading to corruption, and thought colonial trade restrictions served powerful merchant groups seeking monopolies, not the public good.

Who fought who in Lexington and Concord

American patriot militia Vs British troops

First phase of Lexington and Concord

April 18 Paul revere warned minutemen the British were coming

Second phase of Lexington and Concord

Lexington: British troops met small group of militia, shots were fired killing several militia men

third phase Lexington and Concord

Concord: British marched to 2nd location were they found and destroyed some supplies but were met with larger militia force

Who won Lexington and Concord

American militi

How long did the American revolution last

eight years

what effects did the American revolution have?

Shifted to republicanism; self governance, written constitutions, social changes; legal religious toleration, and inspired other revolutions

Thomas Paine

revolutionary writer, pamphleteer, and political philosopher who framed arguments for the revolution and reform such as “ Common sense” (1776)

What is “ Common Sense”

Pamphlet that argued the colonies to break from Britain establishing government for the people, not a king.

Who drafted the declaration of independence

Thomas Jefferson

What does the declaration of independence state

it declares the 13 colonies independent from Britain

prinacples of the declaration of independence

equality, unalienable rights (life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness), government consent

Where was the declaration of independence drafted

Philidelphia, penlyvania adopted 4th July 1776 signed on August 2nd 1776

Who edited the declaration?

Benjamin Franklin

What is the articles of confedirations

formal document that outlined the structure and powers of the first governement of the United States

what were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Weak central government making it difficult to enforce, no standardized national currency, which hindered interstate trade and economic stability, weakened national unity, no executive or judicial order, all states had to be unanimous meaning one state could block a new system

what are the main principles of the articles of confederation

State sovereignty states retained considerable authority, limited central government national governments powers were strictly defined and limited, equal repersentation each state had one vote in Congress

who created the articles of confederation

the second continental Congress which were a group of repersenetives from the 13 American colonies

when were the articles of confederation replaced by the constitution?

1788 and went into effected 1789

Modernism

emerged late 19th century characterized by a rejection of traditional values and search for new forms expression

Post-Modernism

Rejects the idea of objective truth and embraces relativism, skepticism, and irony; often challenge traditional notions of authorship, originality,and meaning.

Nineteenth amendment

allowed for women to vote