AHS1110_11_Eyes and Ears

acous/o, acoust/o

hearing, sound

ambly/o

dim, dull

audi/o, audit/o

hearing

blephar/o

eyelid

core/o, pupill/o

pupil

corne/o, kerat/o

cornea

dacr/o, lacrim/o

tear, lacrimal duct

ir/i, ir/o, irid/o, irit/o

iris

myring/o, tympan/o

eardrum

opt/o, optic/o, ophthalm/o

eye, vision

phak/o, phac/o

lens

presby/o

old age

retin/o

retina

scler/o

sclera, white of the eye, hard

trop/o

turn, change

-ia

abnormal condition, disease

-itis

inflammation

-opia

vision condition

-osis

abnormal condition or disease

-ptosis

drooping, sagging

-tropia

to turn

accommodation

the process by which the eye adjusts to seeing objects at various distances

amblyopia

dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye

anisocoria

a condition in which the pupils are unequal in size

astigmatism

a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea

blepharitis

inflammation of the eyelid

cataract

the loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity

chalazion

a nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland

conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva, also known as pinkeye

diplopia

double vision

ectropion

the eversion of the edge of an eyelid

emmetropia

the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina

entropion

the inversion of the edge of an eyelid

esotropia

strabismus characterized by an inward deviation of one or both eyes

exotropia

strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other

glaucoma

a group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that causes damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibers

hordeolum

a pus-filled lesion on the eyelid resulting from an infection in a sebaceous gland

hyperopia

a vision condition commonly known as farsightedness

iritis

inflammation of the uvea affecting primarily structures in the front of the eye

keratitis

inflammation of the cornea

lacrimal apparatus

the structures that produce, store, and remove tears

legal blindness

the point at which, under law, an individual is considered to be blind

macular degeneration

a gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged, resulting in the loss of central vision

myopia

nearsightedness

nyctalopia

a condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night

nystagmus

an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball

ophthalmoscopy

the use of an ophthalmoscope to visually examine the fundus of the eye

optometrist

a health care practitioner who provides primary vision care

otitis

inflammation of the ear

otitis externa

inflammation of the outer ear

otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear

otopyorrhea

the flow of pus from the ear

otorrhagia

bleeding from the ear

otorrhea

any discharge from the ear

otoplasty

the surgical repair, restoration, or alteration of the pinna of the ear

otosclerosis

the ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in a conductive hearing loss

presbycusis

a gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages

retinal detachment

the separation of some or all of the light-sensitive retina from the choroid

retinitis

pigmentosa is a progressive degeneration of the retina that affects night and peripheral vision

retinopathy

any disease of the retina

scleritis

inflammation of the sclera

strabismus

a disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly

tinnitus

a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears

tonometry

the measurement of intraocular pressure

vertigo

a sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance that are often combined with nausea and vomiting

vitrectomy

the removal of the vitreous humor and its replacement with a clear solution

xerophthalmia

drying of the eye surfaces including the conjunctiva, also known as dry eye

bifocals

lenses with two optical powers

concave lens

used for nearsightedness (myopia)

convex lens

used for farsightedness (hyperopia)

LASIK

Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis; treats vision problems by reshaping the cornea

phacoemulsification

ultrasound device used to break up and remove a cloudy lens

pinna

outer visible part of the ear

tympanoplasty

surgical correction of a damaged eardrum

mastoidectomy

surgical removal of mastoid process air cells

Eustachian tube

equalizes pressure in the middle ear with external pressure

labyrinthitis

inflammation of the inner ear

Ménière's disease

disorder with fluid buildup in the inner ear causing vertigo and hearing loss

tuning fork test

test for hearing conduction using vibration

cochlear implant

device implanted to stimulate auditory nerve for sensorineural hearing loss

orbitotomy

surgical procedure to remove tumor or foreign object from orbit

scleral buckle

silicone band used to treat retinal detachment

laser iridotomy

creates hole in iris to relieve intraocular pressure

photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

laser treatment that reshapes the cornea

otorrhea

discharge from the ear

otoscope

instrument used to visually examine the ear canal and eardrum

iris

Muscle that controls the size of the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye

pupil

The opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye

The pupil is the doorway; the iris is the doorman

Mnemonic to remember that the iris controls how much light enters through the pupil

fluorescein stain

A diagnostic dye used to detect corneal abrasions; damaged areas appear bright green under blue light

Eustachian tubes

Narrow tubes connecting the middle ear to the nasal cavity and throat; equalize pressure in the ear

photopsia

The presence of flashes of light in the field of vision

bar/o

Combining form meaning pressure

barotrauma

Pressure-related ear condition often caused by altitude changes

papilledema

Swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point where it enters the eye; also known as choked disk

otoplasty

Surgical repair of the external ear (pinna)

nyctalopia

Night blindness; difficulty seeing in low-light or nighttime conditions

infectious myringitis

Contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum

periorbital edema

Swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye, often due to allergic reaction or infection

ametropia

Any refractive error where images do not focus properly on the retina (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism)