SBI3Ue - Unit 6

Non Vascular Plants

Plants that lack conducting tissue (xylem & phloem)

Vascular Plants

Plants that have conducting tissue (xylem & phloem)

Gymnosperm

Vascular plants that produce seeds that lack seed coat

Angiosperm

Vascular plants that produce seeds with a seed coat, and also produce fruit

Monocot

Angiosperms with 1 cotyledon and scattered vascular bundles, flowers in multiples of 3

Dicot

Angiosperms with 2 cotyledons and vascular bundles in the rings of stems, flowers in multiples of 4 or 5

Germination

The process of a seed starting to grow into a plant

List: 3 Main factors required for germination

1. Water

2. Oxygen

3. Temperature

Endosperm

Stores food in the plant

Xylem

Conducting tissue that transports water, made of tracheids and vessel tubes

Phloem

Conducting tissue that transports food, made of companion cells and sieve tube

Translocation

Movement of water from one region of a plant to another

“Push Theory”

Water movement theory that states that root pressure pushes water up when absorbed into the root

“Pull Theory”

Water movement theory that states that the loss of water from the leaf (transpiration) pulls water up like a straw

Roots

Part of a plant that functions to anchor plant in the soil. Also absorbs, stores and transports water & minerals

List: Two Main Types of Root Systems

1. Tap

2. Fibrous

Tap

Root system involving one large main root with smaller lateral roots, penetrating deeper into the soil

Fibrous

Root system involving multiple branched roots of equal size, more shallow penetration into the soil

List: Three Factors that affect depth of root penetration

1. Moisture

2. Temperature

3. Soil Composition

Epidermis

Outer layer of the root, contains root hairs that increase the surface area for water absorption

Cortex

Part of the root & stem, involving cells of irregular shape used to create air spaces

Endodermis

Part of the root, containing cells that fit together to create a waterproof seal (casparian band)

Casparian Band

Waterproof seal created in the endodermis

Pericycle

Cells that surround the vascular cells that support the xylem & phloem

Stems

Part of a plant that functions to expose leaves to sunlight, conduct food & water and store food

Pith

Part of the stem that is similar to the cortex but has a thinner cell wall. Differences are indistinguishable in monocots, but evident in dicots.

Leaves

Part of a plant with the primary function of photosynthesis

Cuticle

Waxy protective layer to waterproof the leaf

Epidermis Cells

Proteiction for the leaf

Stoma

Opening on underside of leaf for gas exchange

Guard Cells

Control opening of stoma

Palisade Mesophyll

Primary photosynthetic layer

Veins

Contain xylem & phloem

Flower

Part of a plant whose function is to provide reproductive structures

Receptacle

Supports the flower

Sepals

Protects the flower bud

Calyx

A bunch of sepals together

Petals

Colorful parts that attract pollinators

Corolla

A bunch of petals together

Stamens

Male part of the flower, a filament with an anther on top where the pollen grains form

Pistil

Female part of the flower, a sticky stigma to hold the pollen grains

Cotyledon

The first set of leaves that a plant seed has