Honors Bio term 1 cell test

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What is the monomer of a lipid

trygliceride

what is the monomer of a carbohydrate

monosaccharide (glucose)

what is the monomer of a protein

amino acid

What are the four functions of lipids

Long term energy storage, waxy coating, hormones, cell membrane structure

what are the three functions of carbohydrates

Quick energy, structural support, energy storage

what are the six functions of proteins

Enzymes, support, transport, hormones, defense, movement

how do you identify a monosaccharide, and what is an example?

A single sugar. Glucose and fructose

how do you identify a disaccharide, and what is an example?

Two sugars joined together.   Lactose and sucrose

how do you identify a polyaccharide, and what is an example?

long chain of monosaccharides joined together.  Glycogen, starch, chitin and cellulose

How did you identify the saturated fat? What is an example of saturated fat?

Single bonds between carbons, straight tails, solid at room temperature, from animal sources.  Butter.

How did you identify the unsaturated fat? What is an example of unsaturated fat?

At least 1 double bond between carbons, bent tails, liquid at room temperature, from plant sources.  Oil

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

To control what enters and leaves the cell (selectivly permable)

The cell membrane is selectively permeable. Explain what this means.

The hydrophobic tails allow some molecules to enter the cell while others are blocked from passing through because of size or charge

What does hydrophobic mean?

Fears water

What does hydrophilic mean?

Likes water

what is the function of a channel protein

An open door for molecules to pass through if they are the right size/shape

what is the function of a carrier protein

Binds to a molecule, changes shape and move the molecule through the membrane

what is the function of a receptor protein

Sends a message to the cell when a molecule binds to it

what is the function of a cell recognition protein

Identifies the cell as “self” or “foreign”

Does simple diffusion use a protein

no

Which direction do the molecules move in simple diffusion? (high to low or low to high)

high to low

Does simple diffusion use energy?

no

Does facilitated diffusion use proteins?

yes (channel and carrier)

Which direction do the molecules move in facilitated diffusion? (high to low or low to high)

high to low

does facilitated diffusion use energy?

no

does a protein pump use a protein

yes (carrier)

Which direction do the molecules in a protein pump move? (high to low or low to high)

low to high

Does a protein pump use energy?

yes