Unit 3- Absolutism: Mr. Bryson 1st period

What was the greatest threat to the power of the king?

The Nobles

What was the only group that had more power than the kings?

The catholic church

What did Oliver Cromwell do that was unpopular in England and who changed these laws

He banned: Gambling, Drinking, Dancing, Christmas
Charles ll changed these rules when he ruled

What happened to the Armada that Phillip sent to Attack England?

They never made it to England and A lot of the ships got destroyed English ships and the winds helped out the English ships

What is an "Absolute Monarch"?

A ruler that had total control/power over a county/territory

Who did Phillip II have conflict with and what were the conflicts?

1.
2.
3.

Give 3 reasons why Spain was on a decline.

1.The successors of the ruler were ruling the country
2.Economic problems: Costly wars, Neglecting framing, High taxes on the middle class
3.The inflation because the gold and sliver of the Americas

Who was Cardinal Richelieu?

a chief advisor to Louis XIII, determined to crush the Huguenots and wanted to make France the strongest nation in Europe

What was the Versailles?

Palace Louis built. Wanted biggest structure to show off his power/control.

What is the term: "Balance of power"?

the power held by a small group when larger groups are of equal strength.

How did Louis XIV leave France weaker than when he took over?

He put many resources into wars, which led to them being drained of resources

How did Louis XIV Centralize power in France?

he followed the policies of Richelieu. He expanded
the bureaucracy and appointed intendants, royal
officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers,
and carried out his policies in the provinces.

What did Louis XIV mean when he said "I am the state"?

he was emphasizing the absolute power and authority he held as the monarch of France( basically said that he held absolute power over the country)

Who were the Puritans and who was there leader?

A large group of Christians which wanted to "purify" the church of England( they were Protestant)
There leader was Oliver Cromwell

What did James ll do that made him unpopular?

1. tried to reestablish absolutism
2.tried to reestablish Catholicism(he failed at doing both)

What happened to James ll

After failing he was kicked out of England and his daughter(Mary)with her husband(William of orange) ruled England

How did Cardinal Richelieu and Louis xlll consolidate power in France

By targeting Huguenots which had been a problem for French nobles

Why was Louis XlV called the "Sun King"?

Because he believed he had absolute power over everything

What were the problems with Absolutism

1. Ecomony: taxes, tariffs, mercantilism, it was their choosing
2. Since they controlled the military any time they went to war it was expensive
3. Kings aligned themselves with a church, so when they changed their beliefs the people were expected to do as well
4. The kings would: enforce, make, and decide on the laws in court
5. With the divine right, when the king died their power would go to the heir regardless of character or ability

What are two things that Totalitarian rulers had that Absolute rulers did not have?

Since neither existed at the time both;
1. Education
2. Media

Where were the two main hubs of the Catholic Church

1. Rome
2. Constantinople

What was the impact of black plague

1. The church seemed to either corrupt or not have many answers
2. A lot of priests were replaced and their replacement were illiterate or corrupt
3. Humanism took off and since people wanted to find answers they also started to question/challenge the church

What is Purgatory?

A belief Catholics held which was that when a Christian person would die they would go into purgatory and would have to pay off their sins to go into heaven

What were Martian Luther's two big complaints with the Catholic Church

1. They were selling indulgences
2.the power that the pope held

What did the church do to Martin Luther

They kicked him out of the church

What is predestination and who was preaching it in Europe during the reformation?

John Calvin was spearing it around
Predestination is the belief that good knows already if you are going to heaven or hell

Who did John Calvin influence?

The Protestant church

How did the 30 year war play out

8million died
It was one of the most destructive wars in history

What was the impact of the 30 year war on Europe

1. Spain started to decline in power
2. Made boards for nation which lasted for centuries
3.it est cities which told people to put the state before religion
4. Was the last major religious war
5. A lot of people were displaced and some moved to the Americas to find new homes

What is divine right?

the idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God's representative on Earth

How did Niccolo Machiavelli think that the monarchs should act & Why?

"Cutthroat and Harsh", the reason he believed this is because that's the way he thought they could keep their power(they should fear the ruler instead of loving the ruler)

What was the problem with king Henry VIII?

He wanted an heir but only got daughters, with only one son who died in his teens

How did King Henry solve his problem?

He killed 2 of his wives, divorced 2, the other one died from natural causes and the last one lived

What did Peter the Great do during his reign in Russian?

1.Built a warm water port
2.Made a navy
3.Tried to modernize Russia

How was Mary(daughter of King Henry) different from her father?

She stayed Catholic
(Her father became protestant)

How did this lead to violence in England?

She tried to "get rid" of the protestants

Why was Spain so wealthy in the 16th Century

All the gold and sliver from the Americas and by trading

How did Elizabeth anger Phillip of Spain

1.Privateering(a practice where a government commissioned private individuals or ships to attack enemy ships and raid their commerce)_
2.She won't marry him

What are 2 significant events from the rule of James I

1.He translated the bible from Latin to English
2.He started to allow char tors

How was James I and his son Charles I different than Elizabeth

Both Charles and James wanted to be Absolute monarch
Elizabeth wanted to listen to the people instead of being an absolute monarch

What happened to Charles I at the end of the English Civil war?

He was charged with treason and was beheaded

What was the significance about the action of Charles 1

It lead to the Declaration of independence to say that the people could get rid of a government which did not protect them

Who did parliament ask to be the ruler during the glorious revolution

William of orange and Mary

What did the English bill of rights guarantee

The monarch will not have absolute power

In which way did Louis XlV build him and France up

1.Using all the resource he had
2.He would take out loans to finance wars against others

Why did Louis XlV require nobles to live at Versailles

To monitor the Nobles

What type of legacy did Louis XlV leave behind?

1.Ingoring the common folk
2.Overspending on wars
3.Controlling: economy, military, and religion within the country

What was the great schism

The split of the Greek Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Churches

Who was Jan Hus? And what happened to him after?

He was a Czech preacher which believed that the Catholic Church needed to be reformed.
This then lead to him being burned at the steak

How did the printing press impact Christianity?

Since the Bible was being printed in mass people started to read it and question them

How could Cathloics lessen their time in purgatory

By doing "good work"

What is an Indulgence?

a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin

Why was the church selling indulgence?

Because they wanted to raise funds for the Catholic Church

Who was Martian Luther?

He was a pastor and Church reformer

Why were Martin Luther ideas spread throughout Europe?

Because of the printing press

What did Martin Luther do after

He started his own church called the Lutheran Church

What was the impact of the Luther challenge to the Catholic Church

1. It started the Protestant reformation( break up of Christian church from one to many)
2. New churches started to form right after Luther's challenge and a lot more later on
3. The Catholic reformation, it was the Catholic Church was starting to focus more on education which lead to a lot more intellectual priest groups
4. There was religious wars between countries (such as Catholic vs. Protestant)

What started the 30 year war

It started when Protestant officials killed Catholic officials by throwing them outside windows(defenestration)

What were the scientific contributions/discoveries of each of the following civilizations

Ancient Greeks:
Arabs:
Chinese:
Aztecs: