AP Biology Enzymes and ATP Quiz Study

Active site

The region on an enzyme that is specific to substrates in shape and charge.

Activation energy (EA)

The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Denaturation

The process in which an enzyme loses its functional shape due to external factors like heat or pH.

Temperature and pH

Changes in temperature and pH can affect the structure and function of enzymes.

pH equation

pH = -log[H+], which describes the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and pH.

Competitive inhibitors

Molecules that bind to the active site of an enzyme, preventing substrate binding.

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Molecules that bind to an allosteric site, altering the enzyme's shape and function.

Constant energy input

To maintain order and power cellular processes, living organisms need a continuous supply of energy.

Laws of thermodynamics

Principles governing energy transfer and transformation in biological and physical systems.

Reaction coupling

The process in which energy-releasing reactions are paired with energy-requiring processes.

Sequential energy pathways

Energy-related pathways in biological systems that allow controlled transfer of energy from one step to the next.

Product and reactant relationship

Relationship between what goes into a biological process and what the result