American Pageant 17th edition - Chaps 16-19

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-CHAPTER 16-

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The southern image

Everyone owned slaves

King Cotton

• one half of all value of american exports after 1840

• 75% of all cotton for england came from the south

• The south became arrogant, believing they could manipulate the north, and that england would obey they south

• england decided to buy cotton from egpyt instead

Slave Ownership

• less than 20% of plantation owners had 100 slaves

• 5% owned around 100+ slaves

• ¾ of southerners owned no slaves

• Most southerners were subsistence farmers, but supported slavery in the hope of social mobility

Mountain Whites

• Those living in isolation within the appalachian mountains

• felt no loyalty to the planter class, supported the union

• Ex, west virginia

• People from the mountain areas, west virginia amd other states that did not bring in slavery.

• West virginia had broken off from virginia and the Union let it come into it as a free state as well as nevada

Free blacks

• found in both the North and the South, roughly 250,000.

• They were barred from certain jobs, could not testify in court, and were denied education

• Many viewed freed slaves as competition with small farmers.

• There was discrimination in both places.

Plantation slavery

• internal slave trade, valued at $2 billion by 1860.

• The cost of a slave was $1800, more in the Deep South - "Black Belt".

• Many states in the South, the blacks were the majority by about 75%. South Carolina to Louisiana

Revolts

• Denmark Vesey, 1822, South Carolina. Nat Turner, 1831, estimated a cloud of fear among white Southerners - a feeling of isolation. (Virginia)

Harriet B. Stone

• writes the book, "Uncle Tom's Cabin, in 1852.

• Influences public opinion, but not fully accurate.

• William Lloyd Garrison, newspaper editor, abolitionist, in 1833, establishes American Anti-Slavery Society. He was called "Liberator" He was beaten up by a mob for his beliefs.

• Frederick Douglass, black writer, and speaker. He and others look to politics to solve the problem of slavery.

• Sojourner Truth - works for abolition and women's rights.

South’s attitude

• They respond, saying it is a positive good, a particular institution.

• Many in the North support it.

• North bankers owed $ by planters, stood to lose $ if war breaks out.

• $300 Million was owed by late 1850s.

• New England needs cotton for their textile mills.

CHAPTER 17

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