GI, Liver, Panc, Neuropathology Micro-Anatomy Exam 3

Define Esophagitis

Inflammation of the esophagus caused by gastric refluxing upward from the stomach

What’s the term for gastric refluxing upward from the stomach

Reflux esophagitis

What is a precursor for Esophageal adenocarcinoma

Barrett esophagus

Where does squamous cell carcinoma arise from in the esophagus

Arise from the lining of the epithelium in the upper esophagus

Where does adenocarcinoma arise from in the esophagus

arise near the gastroesophageal junction

Which disease of the GI tract is associated with adenocarcinoma

GERD

Define Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

chronic reflux of gastric acid into the lower esophagus – incompetence of the lower esophagus sphincter

What change would we see id GERD lead to Barrett metaplasia

epithelial change from squamous to columnar

Special stains for Barretts Esophagus

ABPAS, PAS, Alcian Blue - stains for goblet cells

Special stain for H. Pylori

Warthin Starry - silver stain- brown, lining the epi

Special stain for cirrhosis

Trichrome- stains for fibrosis (blue)

Special stain for Wilsons disease

Rhodanine- stains for copper

Special stain for Iron disease storage- what diseases does this include?

Prussian blue

Hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis

Stains for bile and how does it appear in this stain

H&E- appears brown

Fouchet Hall Bile- olive green

Special stain for reticulin fibers

Retic

Special stain for glycogen storage

PAS

Special stain for neurofibril/ Nerve fibers

Bielschowsky

Stain for Nssl substance

Cresyl violet

IHC stain for neurons, neuronal processes and peripheral nerves

Neurofilaments

Special stain for Myelin

LFB- Luxol fast blue

Special stain for astrocytes

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)

Alpha B Crystallin

Special stain for microglia

CD68- stains brown

Which organ is host to more neoplasms in the body, other than skin

colon

What pre-existing feature is the precursor for almost all carcinomas in the colon

Preexisting colonic adenomatous polyps

Which -itis is commonly caused from gastric acid refluxing from the stomach

esophagitis

Esophagitis etiology and histology

Etiology- alcohol, smoking, reflux and hiatal hernia

Histology- squamous hyperplasia, reparative epithelium, hyperkeratosis, inflammatory cells

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the esophagus

False- both adenocarcinoma and squamous are 50/50

State two steps that are precursors to INVASIVE esophageal SCC

Dysplasia and carcinoma in situ

Barrett esophagus has an association with gastric reflux

True

Barrett metaplasia is squamous epithelium replaced with _________ epithelium

columnar

Chronic gastritis is usually caused by

Helicobacter pylori

What is the pathognomonic feature of gastric adenocarcinoma

Signet rings

Gluten sensitivity is a characteristic of? What causes it

Celiac sprue- mucosal inflammatory response

What is a characteristic of ulcerative colitis

Wall remains thin

Characteristics of Crohn’s

Inflammation throughout entire wall, skipped areas of disease, small bowel involvement

Growth pattern of colon cancer

1. polyps

2. dysplasia

3. carcinoma insitu

4. Adenocarcinoma

5. Metastatic cancer

(Neoplastic/non-neoplastic) ___________ is pre-malignant

Neoplastic

It’s easy to distinguish between neoplastic/non-neoplastic in the colon

false

The most common causes of cirrhosis of the liver

Alcoholism, chronic viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease

Reticulin fibers provide supportive framework for the liver

True- framework for any highly cellular organ

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

Hemochromatosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Cholecystitis

Primary biliary cirrhosis

A malignant tumor of hepatocytes that occurs in children

Hepatoblastoma

A malignancy of the bile duct epithelium is called

Cholangiocarcinoma

Stones in the gallbladder

Cholithiasis

The major contributing factor towards acute pancreatitis is

Premature activation of enzymes

There is a close relationship between acute and chronic pancreatitis

True- repeated acute turns into chronic

Pancreatic carcinoma has a low incidence rate and high survival rate

False it has a very low survival rate

A hematoma located beneath the dura mater is called

subdural hematoma

Common fatal Neurological condition

Cerebrovascular disease

Degenerative disease of white matter

Multiple sclerosis

This disease causes over ½ of all cases of adult dementia

Alzheimer disease

Pathological findings of this disease are loss of pigment and lewy bodies

parkinsonism