Chem - Equilibrium

Sublimation

solid to gas

ΔH is ______ for exothermic processes

negative

ΔH is _____ for endothermic processes. 

positive

combustion reactions are exothermic, so ΔH is ______

negative

making bonds has a ______ ΔH

negative

breaking bonds has a ______ ΔH

positive

Condensation

gas to liquid

transition temp formula

ΔH/ΔS

Miscibility

ability to mix

∆Gsoln = ∆Hsoln - T∆Ssoln

Gibbs Equation

∆Ssoln is normally ______

positive

∆H Crystal Lattice is always _______

positive

∆H Hydration is always ________

negative

is CaO(s) + H₂O(aq) → Ca(OH)₂ + heat exo or endothermic?

exothermic

∆H_Hydration is always _____ because it is the energy gained while forming water/salt interactions.

negative

endothermic has a _____ ∆Hsoln

positive

what would increase the solubility of an inert, non-polar, gas in water?

decrease the temperature of the water and increase the pressure of the gas above the water

What gases react with water?

CO₂ NO₂ SO₃

The freezing point of a puddle of water is lowered by adding salt, reducing the ability of the water to

freeze and cause icy streets

freezing pt depression equation

∆T = i Kf m

equation for osmotic pressure

n x (RT/V)

Resins and plasticizers can be used to _____ the evaporation rate

of inks, films, and adhesives.

reduce

Freshwater fish ____ survive in salt water

cannot

The solvent in dilute solutions will move towards ____ concentrated solutions

more

molality

mols solute/kg solvent

Red blood cells contain Na⁺ ions, K⁺ ions, and water. If we place some red blood cells into a beaker full of pure water, what will happen to them?

 swell and burst

For an exothermic reaction, increasing temperature causes the equilibrium constant to ______ because added heat shifts the equilibrium ____ reactants.

decreases; towards

if reaction endothermic, reaction shifts right when T ____

rises

if reaction exothermic, reaction shifts right when T ____

lowers

if reaction exothermic, increasing T would shift to the ____ as K2____K1 (T_ K_)

left; less than, T↑K↓

if reaction endothermic, increasing T would shift to the ____ as K2____K1 (T_ K_)

right, greater than, T↑K↑

When a chemical reaction is at equilibrium

neither the forward nor the reverse reactions have stopped