CH 9: The Central Nervous System

Which of these does NOT contribute significantly to the protection of the brain?

subarachnoid space

dura mater

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

cerebral space

cranium

cerebral space

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the

frontal sinuses.

choroid plexus.

pia mater.

arachnoid villi.

ventricles.

choroid plexus

The brain has a ________ (high or low?) demand for oxygen, and receives about ________% of the total blood volume in circulation.

high, 35

high, 50

low, 35

low, 15

high, 15

high, 15

The brain consumes about half of the ________ circulating in the body.

sodium

potassium

fatty acids

oxygen

glucose

glucose

Match these terms with their descriptions.

A. gray matter
B. white matter
C. ascending tracts
D. descending tracts
E. propriospinal tracts


myelinated axons with very few cell bodies

gray matter

white matter

ascending tracts

descending tracts

propriospinal tracts

white matter

Which of the following best describes the role of the blood-brain barrier?

The blood-brain barrier is formed by tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells which buffer and detoxify material in the cerebrospinal fluid.

The blood-brain barrier is made of membranes known as meninges between the capillaries and the brain tissue.

The blood-brain barrier is a specialized basement membrane formed by astrocytes that trap toxic compounds, which then move back into the blood.

The blood-brain barrier is formed by tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells which prevent movement of solutes between cells.

The blood-brain barrier is formed by tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells which prevent movement of solutes between cells.

A patient has a buildup of fluid in the subdural space. This is located between the _____.

pia mater and brain

arachnoid membrane and dura mater

arachnoid membrane and pia mater

dura mater and cranium

arachnoid membrane and dura matter

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in

dorsal horns.

ventral root ganglia.

propriospinal tracts.

ventral horns.

dorsal root ganglia.

dorsal root ganglia

Match these terms with their descriptions.

A. dorsal horns
B. columns
C. ventral root
D. dorsal root ganglia
E. nuclei


swellings containing sensory cell bodies

dorsal horns

columns

ventral root

dorsal root ganglia

nuclei

dorsal root ganglia

Match these terms with their descriptions.

A. dorsal horns
B. columns
C. ventral root
D. dorsal root ganglia
E. nuclei


tracts of axons that transfer information to and from the brain

dorsal horns

columns

ventral root

dorsal root ganglia

nuclei

columns

General anesthetics keep surgical patients unconscious by reducing activity in the

lateral ventricles.

corpus callosum.

reticular formation.

hippocampus.

medullary pyramids.

reticular formation

Which of the following choices best describes the path of sensory information from the receptor into the spinal cord?

Efferent neuron to dorsal horn to dorsal root ganglion

Afferent neuron to dorsal root ganglion to dorsal horn

Efferent neuron to dorsal root ganglion to dorsal horn

Afferent neuron to dorsal horn to dorsal root ganglion

afferent neuron to dorsal root ganglion to dorsal horn

The mixed cranial nerve that projects to and from internal organs, muscles, and glands is the ________ nerve.

glossopharyngeal

trigeminal

trochlear

spinal accessory

vagus

vagus

Which statement about the hypothalamus is FALSE?

It receives sensory fibers from the optic tract, ears, and spinal cord.

Hypothalamic trophic factors control the release of anterior pituitary hormones.

The hypothalamus contains various centers for behavioral drives such as hunger and thirst.

It receives input from multiple sources.

it receives sensory fibers from the optic tract, ears, and spinal cord.

The brain area(s) that has/have a cortex is/are the

cerebrum and cerebellum.

cerebrum and medulla oblongata.

medulla oblongata only.

cerebellum only.

cerebrum only.

cerebrum and cerebellum

Which functions in the control of movement?

hippocampus only

amygdala only

basal nuclei only

hippocampus and amygdala

All of the above function in the control of movement.

basal nuclei only

The most primitive region of the cerebrum is probably the

reticular system.

limbic system.

basal nuclei.

pons.

corpus callosum.

limbic system

Language and verbal skills tend to be ________ side of the brain.

concentrated on the right

randomly located with respect to the left or right

concentrated on the left

equally distributed between the left and right

concentrated on the left

Which brain area is considered to be a key integrating center for homeostasis?

pituitary gland

hypothalamus

medulla

brain stem

thalamus

hypothalamus

An important structure in both learning and memory is the

pons.

hypothalamus.

cerebellum.

hippocampus.

medulla.

hippocampus

Match these brain areas with their descriptions.

A. cerebellum
B. hypothalamus
C. thalamus
D. cerebrum


composed of many small nuclei, an area that integrates as well as relays sensory information that passes through it

cerebellum

hypothalamus

thalamus

cerebrum

thalamus

Match these brain areas with their descriptions.

A. cerebellum
B. hypothalamus
C. thalamus
D. cerebrum


receives sensory input from the inner ear's receptors for equilibrium and balance

cerebellum

hypothalamus

thalamus

cerebrum

cerebellum

The part of the brain anatomically most similar to the spinal cord is the __________.

cerebellum

brain stem

diencephalon

cerebrum

brain stem

Which cranial nerve would be damaged if a patient exhibited Bell's palsy, a form of facial paralysis?

CN IV (trochlear)

CN VI (abducens)

CN VII (facial)

CN X (vagus)

CN VII (facial)

The internal clock of mammals appears to be located in the

choroid plexus.

suprachiasmatic nucleus.

brain stem.

pons.

pituitary gland.

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Symptoms of the fight-or-flight reaction include all of these EXCEPT

pounding heart.

pupillary dilation.

hunger.

increased blood pressure.

sweating.

hunger

The brain area described as the center for emotions is the

pons.

amygdala.

hypothalamus.

cerebellum.

suprachiasmatic nucleus.

amygdala

Match these brain areas with their locations.

A. primary somatic sensory cortex
B. visual cortex
C. auditory cortex
D. association areas


parietal lobe

primary somatic sensory cortex

visual cortex

auditory cortex

association areas

primary somatic sensory cortex

When a puppy is scolded "No!" each time he chews on your homework, eventually he learns to leave your homework alone. This type of learning is called

nonassociative.

habituation.

associative.

sensitization.

associative

The part of the brain known as the center of emotion is the ___________.

thalamus

corpus callosum

limbic system

hypothalamus

limbic system

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between declarative (explicit) memory and reflexive (implicit) memory?

Both involve motor skills.

Both involve changes in neuronal excitability or synaptic connections.

Both use higher-level cognitive skills.

Both require consolidation.

both use higher-level cognitive skills

Which statement about sleep is true?

Sleeping allows our brains to rest metabolically and recover from daily activity.

Somnambulism occurs during REM sleep.

Deepest sleep occurs in the first three hours of a typical eight-hour sleep period.

Dreaming occurs in the first hour of a typical eight-hour sleep period.

deepest sleep occurs in the first three hours of a typical eight-hour sleep period.

Which type of memory does the ability to ties one's shoes every day require?

Reflexive

Working

Declarative

Short-term

reflexive

Which of the following is a similarity between Wernicke's area and Broca's area?

Both are needed to understand complicated sentences.

Both send output to the motor cortex.

Both are needed for spoken language.

Both are needed to understand simple spoken or written language.

both are needed for spoken language

The occipital lobe of the cerebrum plays an important role in __________.

hearing

taste

voluntary stimulation of skeletal muscle movement

vision

vision

Match these brain areas with their locations.

A. primary somatic sensory cortex
B. visual cortex
C. auditory cortex
D. association areas


occipital lobe

primary somatic sensory cortex

visual cortex

auditory cortex

association areas

visual cortex