assembly

COMMENT

COMMENT

is a part of a program that is ignored by the assembler.

COMMENT

it begins with a semi colon, and whenever you code it, the assembler assumes that all characters to its right side

RESERVED WORDS

These are words in which the assembler assigns a special meaning and it cannot be used as identifiers

RESERVED WORDS

using them for a wrong purpose assembler to generate an causes the error message

Instructions

Directives

- Operators

Pre-defined symbols

CATEGORIES OF RESERVED WORDS

INSTRUCTIONS

These are statements that will be translated into executed by machine the language computer.

DIRECTIVES

These are statements information to the give the assembler

DIRECTIVES

Also called pseudo-ops.

OPERATORS

These affect are used at assembly time to the value of an operand-

PRE-DEFINED ASSEMBLERS

These are symbols that return information to your programs

IDENTIFIER

is a user-defined name or variable that you apply in the as reference. program that is used

NAME

It refers to the address op a data time.

LABEL

It refers to the address of an instruction or procedure'

Title

-Stack

End

- Dosseg

-Data

Fondel Data

Model

- Code

MOST COMMON DIRECTIVES

TITLE

creates up to 60 character of Source listing

DOSSE G

It tells the assembler to ignore all other request and to adopt the Dos segment

MODEL

It speifie and intializes the memory model before defining any segment

STACK

Default Stock size is 1,024 byte or 01007

DATA

It defines and marles the beginning of dater segment

CODE

- It defines and marles the which consists OF code segment a set of instructions.

END

It is placed at the last line of the soure code

STRING

is used for descriptive data such as person's name

STRING

it must end with dollas symbol

NUMERIC CONSTANT

They are used to define arithmetic Valves and memory addresses.

NUMERIC CONSTANT

define such as with a radix specifier ayor deumal, b for binan

ARRAYS

Any consecutive storage locations of the same size

DUP

Allows a be define d sequence of storage location. or reserved.

NAMED CONSTANT

are sysmbols created to represent specific Valves determind by an expression

SEGMENT AND ENDS DIRECTIVES

a logical segment is a group of instruction Statement or data segments -

PROGRAM SEGMENT STRUCTURES

used to indicate the beginning of logical segment

DATA SEGMENT

storage for variables

CODE SEGMENTS

contains executable instructions

STACK SEGMENT

- used to set aside storage for the stack

ASSUME

tells the assembler which logical segment to use por each physical segment

GROUP

Informs the assembler to group the logical statement

AND INSTRUCTION

used to clear preserving specific destinations bits while preserving others

NUL (NULL

Used for Filling in time on tape when there is or filling space no data.

BEL (BELL)

used when there is need to call human attention.

So (Shift out)

indicates the code combinations.

PEL (DELETE)

usted to obliterate unwanted character

sp (space)

A nonprinting used to separate words, or to move the printing mechanism.

DLE (Data Link Escape

a Character which shall change the meaning of one or more continuously Following characters.

Device controls)

character for the control of auxiliary devices or special terminal features

CAN CCANCEL

Indicates that the data which precedes it in message or block

EMLEnd of medium)

Indicates the physical end card.

SUBC substitute)

For a character that is found to be ero neow as invalid

ESC (Escape)

A character intended to provide code extension in that it gives a specified number.

BOS (Backspace)

indicate movement mechanism Of the printing or display cursor

HT CHonzontal Tab)

indicates movement of the printing mechanism to the next or display cursor forward pre assigned

LF (Line Feed)

indicates the movement of the printing mechanism., start of the next line

VT (vertical Tab)

to the next of of a series of pre-assigned

Form Feed)

indicates of the next of the starting position of the next page

camage Return

to the starting position line.

SOH (Start of heading)

the start of a address neading,contain or routing information

STX (Start OF TEXT

Start of the text also indicates enc of the heading..

EOT (End of transmission)

inaudes with their one or more text headings.

ENG ( Enquiry)

A request for response.

ACK (Acknowledgement)

a character transmitted by a receiving device as an affirmation.

( Negative Acknowledgment

as a negative response to polling messages