Cardiovascular System
System made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels
Lymphatic System
System formed by the lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and the lymph
Atrium
Upper chambers of the heart (top of the heart)
Ventricle
Lower Chambers of the heart (bottom of the heart)
Valves
Flaps of tissue that open in only one direction to keep blood from flowing backwards
Aorta
Large blood vessel that transports oxygenated blood to the brain, coronary arteries, and the rest of the body
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Group of specialized heart muscles located in the right atrium (these nodes spontaneously send electrical impulses and is often called the pacemaker, because they keep track of heart contractions
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
Node located in the septum between the two atria that receives the electrical signals sent by the SA node, then the AV node sends electrical signals to the ventricles to contract a fraction of a second after the atria contract, completing a heartbeat
Pulse
Series of pressure waves within an artery caused by the contractions of the left ventricle in the heart
Blood Pressure
Force of blood exerted against the inside walls of a blood vessel
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels
Pulmonary Circulation
Circulation between the heart and the lungs
Systemic Circulation
Circulation between the heart and all other body tissues
Atherosclerosis
Disease characterized by the buildup of fatty materials on the interior walls of the coronary arteries
Lymph
Excess fluid from the tissues
Plasma
Liquid that is about 90% water and includes metabolites, nutrients, wastes, salts, and proteins. Blood cells receive nutrients from the plasma, plasma is rich in protein and is necessary for blood cells to function
Red blood cells
(erythrocytes) transports oxygen to cells in all parts of the body, formed in the red bone marrow
Hemoglobin
iron containing protein in red blood cells
White blood Cells
(leukocytes) blood cells that defend the body against disease, larger than red blood cells and may be irregularly shaped, there are several types of white blood cells
Phagocyte
White blood cells that engulf invading microorganisms
Antibodies
produced by some white blood cells that help destroy foreign substances
Platelets
blood cell that clots blood to prevent diseases or foreign substances from entering wounds
Fibrin
Protein that are long, sticky chains that catch red blood cells and hardens them and turns them into a scab
Blood Type
Determined by the type of antigen present on the surface of the red blood cells
Antigen
Substance that stimulates the immune systems response to a foreign substance or disease
RH factor
antigen sometimes present on blood cells, about 85% of the U.S. is RH+, the rest are RH -. If you give someone with RH+ blood a blood transfusion with RH-, the person can die
Respiratory System
System that exchanges gases with the atmosphere
External Respiration
exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood
Internal respiration
Exchange of gases between the blood and cells of the body
Lungs
Site of gas exchange
Path of blood
Oxygen poor blood: superior vena cava → right atrium → inferior vena cava → right ventricle → pulmonary valve →lungs to get oxygen
Oxygen rich blood: pulmonary arteries → pulmonary veins → blood receives oxygen → pulmonary→ left atrium → left ventricle →aortic valve→ aorta → rest of the body
Path of oxygen
Oxygen enters your lungs → Alveoli →oxygen is absorbed into blood in the pulmonary veins → oxygenated blood is sent through the left atrium and ventricle → oxygenated blood is delivered to the rest of the body
Pharynx
Tube at the back of the nasal cavity and mouth, carries both food and air
Epiglottis
Flap of food that covers the air passage when someone is eating food
Trachea
Windpipe
Larynx
Voicebox
Bronchi
two branches of the trachea that branch into the lungs
Bronchioles
Smaller and smaller tubes that branch into the lungs off of the bronchi
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs that absorb the oxygen
Inspiration
Process of moving air into the lungs
Diaphragm
Large skeletal muscle that separates your thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Expiration
Process of expelling air from the lungs