old testament final

What is God’s Ultimate Goal?

is to have an intimate relationship with a group of people.

What is the tragedy of the Old Testament?

that God was faithful to his people, but His people were not faithful to Him.

What is the “Overarching Principle” to follow when reading the Old Testament?

Always seek to pull the meaning out of the text, not put your own meaning into the text.

What is the proper order to study the Bible?

Understanding first… application second.

What is the “Application Principle” to follow when reading the Old Testament?

One interpretation, many applications

What was God’s “reverse mission strategy” in the Old Testament period?

God brought the people of the world to Israel’s doorstep

The Noahic Covenant

Who: God,Noah, and everything living thing on earth.

Type: unconditional

Time: everlasting

Sign:rainbow

Promises:not destroy earth by water

The Abrahamic Covenant

Who: God, Abraham, Abraham’s descendents

Type:both depending on each generation

Time:everlasting covenant

Sign:circumcision

Promises: Everlasting possession of the land of canaan.

a father of a multitude of nations including royal descendants.

to be God to Abraham and his descendents

Why are the 10 Commandments significant? How do they relate to the rest of hte laws given to Isreal?

they were spoken by God Himself from Mount Sinai and all Israel heard these words. God and Israel were entering into a covenant (which is similar to a treaty or contract

How does God describe himself to Moses in Exodus 34?

Moses asked to see God’s glory. A merciful god

Where in the Old Testament does it say, “you shall love your neighbor as yourself”?

Leviticus 19:18

What does it mean to “love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, and might”?

three pieces to proclaim God’s supremacy, Heart internal. soul entire being, might physical strength but also all that one has available for honoring God.

Mosaic Covenant

Who: God, Israel, and Moses

Type: conditional based on obedience

Time: indefinite, but ultimately temporary

Sign:the sabbath

Promises: you shall be my treasure possession, you shall be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation, you may live, that it may go well with you, that you may live long in the land that you shall possess

Davidic Covenant

Who: God and david

Type: each genereation conditional or unconditional

Time: eternal permanent

Sign: none

Promises: various components, but most importantly David’s dynasty, kingdom and authority will endure forever

What is the difference between Samuel-Kings and Chronicles? Why did God include two history books in the Bible that cover roughly the same time period?

Samuel-Kings was written during the exile and was intended to condemn Israel and explain why God’s judgement was just. Chronicles was written after the return from exile as an encouragement to the faithful remnant.

What are the three movements within the story in Ezra-Nehemiah?

First Zerrubbabel rebuilt the Temple

Then Ezra rebuilt the people who surrounded the Temple

Finally, Nehemiah rebuilt the wall which surrounded both the people and the Temple

What is the main idea of Esther?

Esther records a story of God’s providence using ordinary, non miraculous events, God delivers the Isrealites from a Persian Holocaust and instead gives them a great victory over their enemies. The book of Esther is a record of God’s faithfulness to His people while they are in exile. Although there are no miracles in the book of Esther, nor is God ever specifically mentioned in the book, it is abundantly clear that God’s providential hand was working through ordinary events to bring about an extraordinary result.

Why is God not mentioned in the book of Esther?

shows god’s providential hard at work even when he isnt mentioned.

Who can we identify as a type of Christ in the book of Esther? How is that person similar to Jesus?

Esther laid her life on the line

What are four reasons why the historical books of the Old Testament are important?

They Provide a historical framework for OT Period.

They lay the theological and historical foundation for the rest of the bible

they introduce us to the messiah

They reveal the power of sin and point to something greatert

What is Hebrew paralellism?

two or more phrases that are juxtaposed

What are the various types of Hebrew parallelism? Be ready to identify an example of each one.

Synonymous-psalm1:5

Antithetic phrases: Psalam 1:6

Climatic: Psalm 1:1

Chiastic Psalm 1:6

What is one reason God chose to use Hebrew poetry instead of some other type of poetry?

it translates well. Much of the impact of the poetry is preserved when it is translated into a different language.

What should we keep in mind when reading Hebrew poetry?

Poetry is intended to be read slowly, thoughtfully, and with repetition.

Poetry tends to use metaphors and imaginitive language to portray truth

poetry tends to describe reality in broad strokes. It emphasizes general truths and usually does not mention exceptions.

What is the main idea and basic outline of Psalms?

Psalms is the worship book of ancient Isreal. It contains a wide variety of styles and covers a variety of situations. Despite the fact that the psalmists struggle with trials, challenges, and injustice, the dominant theme in the book of Psalms is: “The Lord reigns!”

Book 1 Davids rise to power through affliction

Book 2: Davids reign to solomon

book 3 solomon to the destruction of the temple

book 4 exilic reflection on yahwehs past deliverance of isreal

book 5 hope for yahwehs future deliverance.

In terms of themes, what movement do we see in the book of Psalms?

despair to hope

How do the “Imprecatory Psalms” fit within a Christian worldview?

It is important to remember that in the Old Testament context, the enemies of God’s people were also God’s enemies. So the psalmist is calling for God to execute judgements on God’s enemies, which has its place in a biblical worldview.

How do Psalms 1 and 2 function within the book of psalms?

introduction and reflection on the type of person reflected in the psalms.

What are the various ways the book of Psalms point to Jesus? (Just study the categories)

The conquering king and enthroned messiah

The rejection of the messiah

the betrayal of Messiah

The death and resurrection of Messiah

the written plan and marriage of messiah

the triumph of messiah

What is the main idea and simple outline of Proverbs?

The primary purpose of the book of proverbs is to reveal to us the hidden principles on which the world was founded and to entice us to live in harmony with those principles so we can experience the joys God intended for us. These principles are built on the foundational concept “the fear of Yahweh.”

Simple Outline:

An Invitation and Introduction to Wisdom

An Exploration of Wisdom

Concluding Thoughts

What is the biblical “wisdom”? What is the goal of Wisdom Literature?

Wisdom is understanding how God created the world to work and living in such a way that are in harmony with how His world works.

God created the world with inherent rules built into it. If you align your life in the direction God intended, then things will go well for you. If you fight against the rules God built into the world, then you will hit major obstacles.

What does the Bible mean by “the fear of the Lord”?

to believe that exists and have a healthy respect for God’s holiness and power, to ponder the undeserved blessings

What is the main idea and basic outline of Job?

God is the source of all wisdom. Although humans can discern wise principles to a limited extent, our understanding is limited so we need to approach life with humility. In the face of situations that don’t make sense. God doesn’t answer all of our questions, but instead offers Himself as a firm foundation where we can place our trust. '

1. Prologue

2. Dialogues between Job and Eliphaz, Bildad and Zophar

3. Interlude on Wisdom

4. Monologues

5. Epilogue

How do the books of Job and Ecclesiastes relate to the book of Proverbs?

The book of Proverbs is a classic treatment of wisdom.

The books of Job and Ecclesiastes grapple with the harsh reality that righteous living does not always lead to success.

What is significant about Job 28?

interlude on wisdom by Job himself.

What does the book of Job have to teach us about the topic: “Why do bad things happen to good people?”

1.Sometimes bad things happen to good people because there are events happening in heaven that cannot be seen by man, but the ramifications can be felt by man. Notice that the book makes no indication that Job ever learned about God’s conversation with Satan.

2.When bad things happen to good people, the proper resoponse is humility and trust in the God who is in control and who is perfectly just. and who is still with you.

How does the book of Job point to Jesus?

repeated reference to a mediater betwenn God and us

What is the main idea of Ecclesiastes?

When you look at life from an earthly point of view, life is meaningless. However, when you look at life from a heavenly point of view, you can find meaning and enjoy life.

Who wrote the book of Ecclesiastes? What biographical information does the author provide about himself?

Solomon

The son of David, king of Jerusalem, ruler over a united kingdom of isreal, acquired great wisdom, surpassing all who were over Jerusalem before me” The book seems to be Solomon’s reflections as an old man looking back over his life.

What does the Hebrew word hebel mean?

breath or vapor

What does the book of Ecclesiastes mean when it says, “Vanity of vanities! All is vanity”?

its earthly point of view is meaningless.

What is the divinely inspired advice within the book of Ecclesiastes?

Enjoy life obey god.

What is the main idea of Song of Solomon?

Human sexuality was created by God, is good within the context of marriage, and is intended to be enjoyed and celebrated in appropriate ways.

According to the lecture, how should we interpret the Song of Solomon?

It expresses “experiences, ideas, or emotions in a style more concentrated, imaginative, and powerful than that of ordinary speech or prose.

What truths does the Song of Solomon teach us about marriage and sexuality?

verbal affirmation sexual attraction dangerous, reflection of gods ultimate goal intimacy in marriage.

What were the key differences between writing prophets and non-writing prophets?

Non-writing prophets-tended to do many miracles, to address individuals, and to discuss immediate situations.

Writing prophets-tended not to do miracles, to address nations as a whole, and to discuss “big picture” concepts

What was the role of a prophet in the Old Testament period?

lawyer messangers covenant enforcers.

What is the main idea and basic outline of Isaiah?

Through the prophet Isaiah, God admonishes his people to trust wholly in Him. Isaiah was written to confront Israel’s sin and give them hope for the future, specifically the hope of a “Suffering Servant,” the Messiah.

How would you defend the belief that the entire book of Isaiah was written by the prophet Isaiah in the 8th century B.C.?

First, this multiple-author theory was suggested relatively recently in history and was most likely motivated by humanistic philosophies that did not allow for the supernatural. Second, the oldest manuscript we have of the book of Isaiah makes no indication that there were multiple authors. Third, the New Testament writers indicate that verses within both Isaiah 1-39 and Isaiah 40- 66 were written by Isaiah himself. From the standpoint of the New Testament writers, there was only one author for the entire book of Isaiah.Fourth, the argument of those who hold to multiple authors does not even make sense. The line of reasoning is this:

Why did Isaiah start his book by calling for heaven and earth to listen to his words?

He is reaching back into Israel’s past all the way to what Moses told the Isrealites as they were getting ready to enter the promised land.

What is significant about Isaiah 40:1-3?

This passage marks a turning point in the book. Chapters 1-39 were written primarily for the people in Isaiah’s lifetime, and contains warning about coming judgements. Its referenced in all four gospels.

What are the major prophecies about the Messiah in the book of Isaiah? Study the prophecies marked with an asterisk (*) and be ready to match each one with its description.

The Virgin Birth: Isaiah 7:1-16

The wonderful ruling son: Isaiah 9:1-7

The reign of Jesse’s son: Isaiah 11:1-16

The Servant’s atonement: Isaiah 52:13-53:12

The Messiah as proclaimer of good news: Isaiah 61:1-3

What is the main idea of Jeremiah?

The book of Jeremiah records the final years of Judean kingdom. God sent one final prophet to his people and made one final appeal for them to repent before judgment comes. God could have left Judah to face the end alone, but because of his love and faithfulness, He gave them a faithful messenger to prophesy in Judah’s final days and beyond.

What point was God making when he had Jeremiah look at a potter at work with clay?

Showing that the potter is like god working with people the same way.

New Covenant

Who: God, House of Judah and Israel

Type:unconditional

Time:everlasting covenant

Sign: last supper

Promises: gods ultimate goal

What is the main idea of Lamentations?

After Jerusalem was destroyed as a judgement for Judah’s sin, the writer of Lamentations grieved the loss of the city where God had placed his name, but provided hope to God’s people by reminding them of God’s faithfulness and steadfast love. To honor the city where God had placed his name and where his temple stood for almost 400 years, an entire book of the Bible is devoted to mourning its destruction.

What poetic device is used in 4 out of the 5 poems of Lamentations? Why is this device used so frequently in that book?

acrostic poems.

What is the heart of the book of Lamentations?

The steadfast love of the lord never ceases.

What is the main idea and basic outline of Ezekiel?

Although God’s people were being sent into exile, God’s city was about to be reduced to ashes, and God’s Temple had been abandoned by God, God was not defeated.

1-3 Ezekiel’s Vision and Call

4-24 God’s Judgement on Israel

25-32 God’s Judgement on the Nations

33-48 Israel’s Future Salvation

When was Ezekiel taken into exile? What was the situation in Jerusalem when he began his ministry?

597 B.C. about 11 years before Jerusalem and the temple were destroyed.

What does God show Ezekiel in his vision in chapters 8-11? What does God show Ezekiel in his visions in chapters 33-48? How are those two visions connected?

the physical and spiritual realities that were happening in the Temple back in Jerusalem. Temple fallen then a vision of it being restored. They talk about what will happen to the temple and then what will happen to it in the future.

How does the book of Ezekiel point to Jesus and to the coming of the Holy Spirit in the New Testament?

The messiah as the good shepherd and the promise of the indwelling of the holy spirit in the days of the new covenant.

What is the main idea and outline of Daniel?

God is not defeated. God’s power is not limited to a certain place. He is able to do miraculous things, even in foreign lands. He is able to protect those who are faithful to him, even in a land where the government passes laws that are contrary to God’s laws. And God has glorious future planned for Israel.

1. Daniel Exiled

2. Nebuchadnezzar’s Vision

3. Deliverance from the fiery Furnace

4. Nebuchdenezzar Humbled

5. Belshazzar Humbled

6. Deliverance from the Lion’s Den

7. 7-8 Daniel’s Visions

8. 9-12 Daniel’s Vision of the End of the Exile.

What stories do we find at the heart of the book of Daniel?

Nebachadnezzar Humbled and belshazzar Humbled.

When was Daniel taken into exile? What/Where is the focus of Daniel’s book?

605 B.C. on life in exile

According to the lecture, why does the book of Daniel begin in Hebrew, switch to Aramaic, and then switch back to Hebrew?

Aramaic was the official language of the Persian Empire. Although Hebrew and Aramaic are similar languages, for the people of Judah, Aramaic was the language of foreigners.

What are the four kingdoms represented in Daniel 2 and Daniel 7-8? What happens to those kingdoms?

Babylon, Medo-Persian, Greece, Rome. They will all be destroyed.

How does the book of Daniel point to Jesus?

The stone that destroys the kingdoms of the world, the one “Like a Son of Man.

What is the main idea and basic outline of the Minor Prophets as a group?

Through the twelve Minor Prophets, God confronts Israel with their covenant faithlessness and pronounces judgment on them, but also promises future restoration. God also further develops the promise of a future Messiah who will lead the people, deliver them from harm, and sit on the throne of David.

Hos, Joel, Amos, Obad, Jon, Mic: Sin: Covenant and Cosmic

Nah, Hab, Zeph,: Punishment: Covenant and Cosmic

Hag, Zech, Mal: Restoration: Covenant and Cosmic.

What does the phrase “The Day of the Lord” mean?

any point in history when God is acting decisively and powerfully against sinners.

Hosea key phrase ministry and background

Gods Loyal Love for Israel

Northern Kingdom but addressed both kingdoms. He ministered from approximately 755 to 710 B.C. Had to marry an adulterer to show relationship with God and Judah and Israel.

Joel key phrases ministry and background

The Day of the Lord

locust plague and military advances to Tyre, Sidon and Philistia. Showing gods wrath.

amos key phrases ministry and background

judgement of Israel

one of the earliest writing prophets. Five visions of the future judgement , yet at the very end of the book a promise of restoration is given.

Obadiah key phrases ministry and background

Judgment of Edom

brought prophecies of judgement of Edom

Jonah key phrase ministry and background

Revival of Nineveh

showed everyone that God loves sinners of all races.

Micah key phrase ministry and background

Judgement and Restoration of Judah

Prophecied including the golden rule of hte old testament.

Nahum key phrase ministry and background

Judgement of Nineveh

second part after Jonah.

Habakuk key phrase ministry and background

Faith

he learned that he needed to trust God, to live by faith and to worship him for who he is.

Zephaniah key phrase ministry and background

judgement and restoration in the day of the lord

came from the royal family. day of hte lord but ended with posititive note.

Haggai key phrase ministry and background

Reconstruction of the Temple

encourages to rebuild teh temple

zechariah key phrase ministry and background

preparation for the Messiah

preistly family, reliabilty of gods word, the kingdom of god, gods continual role in the life of the nation and the coming of the messiah.

Malachi key phrase and ministry and background

Appeal to backsliders

They needed to stop sinning and live holy lives. The lord would be sending a messenger to the people to prepare the way and then the lord himself would be coming.

How do the minor prophets point to jesus?

direct prophecies and forshadowing events.