Chapter 7: Cell organelles

Cell Membrane Location

Outer part of cell

Cell Membrane Structure

Phospholipid bilayer

Cell Membrane Function

Fluid, flexible; Hold in cell parts; Control what enters and leaves the cell

Cell Wall Location

Outside of cell membrane

Cell Wall Structure

Rigid cellulose

Cell Wall Function

Protects the cell; Helps maintain its shape

Cytoplasm Location

Fills space bet. nucleus & cell membrane

Cytoplasm Structure

Thick fluid

Cytoplasm Function

To hold space between organelles

Nucleus Location

A - center; P - off to side

Nucleus Structure

Membrane bound circle surrounded by an envelope; Contains nucleolus and chromatin

Nucleus Function

Control cell processes; Contain DNA

Nuclear Envelope Location

Surround the nucleus

Nuclear Envelope Structure

Membrane dotted with thousands of nuclear pores

Nuclear Envelope Function

Controls flow of materials into and out of the nucleus

Nucleolus Location

Middle of nucleus

Nucleolus Structure

Small, dense region

Nucleolus Function

Where ribosomes are made

Chromatin Location

Floating in nucleus

Chromatin Structure

DNA bound to proteins

Chromatin Function

Genetic material

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Location

Just outside nucleus

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure

Interconnected tubes (no ribosomes)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Function

Synthesis and transport of lipids; Detoxifies substances

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Location

Just outside nucleus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure

Interconnected tubes coated with ribosomes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Function

Main site of protein synthesis and transport

Ribosome Location

All around cell and on RER

Ribosome Structure

Tiny, round object

Ribosome Function

Site of protein synthesis

Golgi Apparatus Location

Near the ER

Golgi Apparatus Structure

Stack of flattened sacs/tubes; Can break off sections to move around the cell

Golgi Apparatus Function

Sorts, modifies and packages proteins for use within cell or export outside the cell

Lysosomes Location

Through-out the cell

Lysosomes Structure

Bag/sac filled with enzymes

Lysosomes Function

Digest materials; Suicide Cell - if cell is bad, will burst open on purpose so enzymes consume cell (apoptosis)

Vacuole Location

Large center (P) Small/scattered (A)

Vacuole Structure

Simple membrane sac

Vacuole Function

Store food, water, and variety of nutrients; Sometimes store waste

Cytoskeleton Location

Through-out the cell

Cytoskeleton Structure

Network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape

Cytoskeleton Function

Provides structural framework for cell shape

Centrioles Location

Near nucleus

Centrioles Structure

Small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way

Centrioles Function

Help with cell division

Cilia Location

Outside the cell

Cilia Structure

tiny, hair-like projections

Cilia Function

Move liquid past the surface of the cell

Flagella Location

Outside the cell

Flagella Structure

Tail-like structure

Flagella Function

Whipping motion/propeller

Chloroplasts Location

Inside the cell

Chloroplasts Structure

Double-membrane bound with stacked membranes inside; Contain chlorophyll

Chloroplasts Function

Capture energy from sun and convert to chemical energy (photosynthesis)

Mitochondria Location

Through-out the cell

Mitochondria Structure

Outer and inner membrane separated by a matrix. Folds of inner membrane called cristae

Mitochondria Function

Produces energy for the cell as ATP and regulates cellular metabolism

Vesicle Location

Throughout the cell

Vesicle Structure

Membrane sacs (generally from the Golgi)

Vesicle Function

Transport materials around the cell