PEDIA

5-15mmHg

Normal ICP

High-pitch cry/shrill

earliest manifestation of increased ICP in young children

HA

earliest manifestation of increased ICP in older children

Decerebrate

indication for midbrain dysfunction

Decorticate

indication for cerebral cortex dysfunction

Heparin

anticoagulant given IV or SQ

• monitor PTT

Warfarin

anticoagulant given orally

• monitor PT

• Gingival Hyperplasia

• Pinkish red urine

what to WOF when giving phenytoin

• Hydantoins

• benzodiazepines

• Iminostilbenes

• Valproic acid

Medications given for seizure

Neurectomy

surgery of choice for seizure

• last resort

Clear

Normal CSF Appearance

Lumbar Puncture

Diagnostic test for meningitis

• Kernig

• Brudzinski

Pathognomonic sign of menigitis

Antibiotic

DOC of meningitis

Concussion

sudden jarring of the head leading to loss of consciousness

Contussion

there is an extravasation of blood ion the head

PDA

there is a problem in the pulmonary artery and the aorta l/t backflow of blood

• acyanosis

Indomethacin

DOC for PDA

• prostaglandin inhibitor that facilitates closure of PDA

Ibuprofen

Secondary DOC for PDA

Machine like murmur

Pathognomonic sign of PDA

Surgery by Suture

Management of choice for small Septal Defects

Dacron Patch

surgery of choice for bigger Septal Defect

Balloon Angioplasty with coronary stenting

Management for Coarctation of the Aorta

Coarctation of the Aorta

• narrowing of the descending aorta

• inc pressure and dec output

• inc VS in UE

• dec VS in LE

Pulmonary Stenosis

It is the main problem In tetralogy of Fallot

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Compensatory mechanism In tetralogy of Fallot

Overriding of the aorta

it allow blood to mix In tetralogy of Fallot

Ventricular Septal Defect

it keeps the client alive in In tetralogy of Fallot

Tet Spell

Pathognomonic Sign of Tetralogy of Fallot

Squatting

Management of tetralogy of fallot to decrease cardiac workload

Boot Shape heart

2D echo findings of tetralogy of fallot

Blalock Taussig Shunt

palliative surgery of tetralogy of fallot: anastomosis of the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Subclavian Artery

it is used to anastomose the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Intracardiac Surgery/Brocks Procedure

curative surgery of tetralogy of fallot that uses 2 procedure

• Balloon angioplasty

• Dacron Patch

Transposition of the Great Artery

interchanging of the valves

• Right ventricle - aorta

• Left ventricle - pulmonary artery

PDA

it helps keep the patient alive for at least 1-2 weeks

• it allows mixing of the deoxygenated and oxygenated blood

Prostaglandin

DOC for Transposition of the Great Artery

• it helps keep the PDA open

Arterial Switch/Jatene Surgery

Surgery for the Transposition of the Great Artery

GABHS

Causative agent of RHF

• carditis

• polyarthritis

• chorea

• Subq nodules

• erythema marginatum

Major Criteria of Jones

• Low grade fever

• arthralgia

• elevation of ASO titer

Minor Criteria of Jones

Chorea

St. Vitus Dance - worm like movement

Erythema marginatum

redness in the trunkal area

Arthralgia

painful joint without swelling

Pen G

DOC for RHD

Clindamycin/Erythromycin

often used as an alternative in RHD if there PEN-G allergy

Salicylate (ASA)

used to address pain and swelling in RHD

Corticosteroid

helps to relieve carditis in RHD

Cardiomegaly

CXR in HF

Hypokinetic Heart

2Decho in HF

LSHF

Low PCWP indicates:

• Normal: 4-12mmHg

RSHF

Low CVP indicates:

• N:8-12mmHg

Venturi Mask

O2 management for HF

Inotropic Drugs (epi, norepi, dobu)

DOC for HF

• strengthens contraction and increase cardiac output

Kawasaki Disease

altered immune response that leads to inflammation of the blood vessel

• High spiking fever

• strawberry tongue

• photophobia

• polymorphous rash

• palmar desquamation

S&SX of Kawasaki Disease

Strawberry red tongue

pathognomonic sign of Kawasaki Disease

Polymorphous Rash

rash of different types and size

Clear Liquid

type of diet for Kawasaki disease

• immunoglobulins

• aspirins

Medication/s given for kawasaki disease

CPR

Skill needed in managing risk factors of Kawasaki Disease

Cleft Palate

Speech problem is common in Cleft lip/cleft palate?

Male

What gender is common in developing cleft lip?

Female

what gender is at risk for developing cleft palate?

Large Nipple

what to use in feeding a child with cleft lip?

• Cup

• med dropper

• asepto syringe

what to use in feeding a child with cleft palate?

Cup

what to use in feeding a toddler with cleft palate?

dropper

what to use in feeding the infant with cleft palate?

Cheiloplasty

Surgery of Choice for cleft lip

• following the rule of 10

Palatoraphy/Palatoplasty

Surgery of choice for clients with cleft palate?

18-24 months

when to perform palatoplasty surgery?

GERD

GI disorder due to incompetent LES

nonbilious vomiting

vomit characteristic of GERD

• forceful vomiting

• heartburn

• bittertaste in the mouth

• dysphagia

• adynophagia

• hoarseness

s&SX of GERD

Barium Swallow

diagnostic test for GERD

• low fat

• high fiber

DIET for GERD

• antacids

• H2blockers

• PPI

Medications used in GERD

Antacids

medication used to help neutralize acidity

H2 blocker

blocks HCL production

PPI

blocks HCl production and provide a protective coating

Pyloric Stenosis

narrowing of the pyloric sphincter

Olive shape mass

(+) in pyloric stenosis upon assessment

nonbilious vomiting

characteristic of vomit in pyloric stenosis

• vomiting

• no anorexia and with good appetite

• weight loss

• severe abdominal distention

• visible peristaltic movement from left to right

• malnutrition and DHN

• Metabolic Alkalosis

S&SX of Pyloric Stenosis

Pyloromyotomy

surgery of choice of pyloric stenosis

• use to cut the muscle layer of the pyloric sphincter

Steatorrhea

stool characteristic in celiac disease

flat mucosal surface with hyperplastic villous atrophy

(+) in bowel biopsy in celiac disease

• Barley

• rye

• oat

• wheat

What are Gluten rich foods?

Hypoglycemia

• most common cause of death in cold infants

• most important complication of hypothermia

• Hypoglycemia

• Hypoxia

• Metabolic acidosis

• Sepsis

Complications of Neonatal hypothermia

Prone at Chest/Abdomen

position for skin to skin contact

30sec-1min

how long is immediate drying

• Face

• Head

• Trunk

• Back

• Arms

• legs

Sequence of immediate drying

provide warmth and stimulate breathing

purpose of immediate drying

2nd step

What step of the ENC do we put the ID band and bonnet?

30min - 1hr

how long is skin to skin contact?

Abdomen

where to place the child in early skin immediate and thorough drying?

2cm

where to clamp from the abdomen?

After pulsation stops or 1-3 minutes

When to clamp the cord?

Mouth

What to suction first in newborn?