Injury, inflammation, healing, and repair

compare and contrast the phases of injury, inflammation, and healing to determine impact on physical therapy pt/client management across various health care settings

Acute Inflammation

A sudden onset and short duration inflammatory response triggered by tissue injury.

Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Four key signs: Heat, Pain, Redness, and Swelling.

Vasodilation

The widening of blood vessels that increases blood flow to an area, causing redness and heat.

Exudate

Fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into surrounding tissues due to increased vascular permeability.

Resolution

The final step of the inflammatory process where fluid and cellular exudate uptake occurs.

Necrosis

Cell death due to injury or disease, often leading to inflammation.

Hyperemia

An increase in blood flow to a tissue, resulting in heat and redness.

Phagocytosis

The process by which certain cells engulf and digest foreign material.

Chronic Inflammation

A prolonged inflammatory response that does not resolve and can lead to tissue damage.

Healing Process

The physiological process by which the body repairs damaged tissue, which can include regeneration and repair.

Myofibroblasts

Cells that play a crucial role in wound healing and tissue repair by contracting and promoting collagen formation.

Diapedesis

The movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system and towards the site of inflammation.

Fluid Exudate Characteristics

Plasma that leaks out of blood vessels during inflammation, often containing antibodies and proteins.

Chemical Mediators

Substances released during tissue injury that promote inflammation, such as histamine and prostaglandins.

Mast Cells

Cells that store and release histamine during inflammatory responses.

Granulation Tissue

New connective tissue and microscopic blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process.

Fibrosis

The thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury.

Resolution of Inflammation

The process through which inflammation subsides and normal function is restored.

Hemorrhagic Inflammation

Inflammation characterized by the presence of blood in the exudate.

Serous Inflammation

Inflammation with a major fluid exudate that is thin and clear, often seen in blisters and viral infections.

Fibrinous Inflammation

Inflammation where fibrin forms, often seen in pericarditis and peritonitis.