chpt 19/20 ap gov vocab

Dark Ads

Anonymously placed status updates, photos, videos, or links that appear only in the target audience’s social media new feeds and are created to manipulate peoples emotions— especially anger or fear.

War chest

Campaign

Federal Election Campaign Act

Tightened reporting requirements and limited candidates’ expenditures

Federal Election Commission

Monitor and enforce the regulations

Hard Money

A donation given directly to a candidate

Soft Money

A donation to a party or interest group

Dark Money

Unlimited contributions from individual citizens and other organizations

Connected PACs

Political action committees funded separately from the organizations treasury through donations from members

Nonconnected PACs

These political action committees have no sponsoring organization and often form around a single issue

Leadership PACs

Started by any current or former elected official and can raise money from the general public

Super PACs

Unlimited Donations

Unlimited donations

Affiliates

Broadcasting from one central location to several smaller stations

Horse-race journalism

Reporters update readers and viewers nonstop on the ups and downs of competing candidates

Scorekeeper

Overly discuss who is leading and who is falling behind in the campaign.

Watchdog

Keeping and eye on government or industry

Political Reporting

Standard “jsut-the-facts” reporting

Sound bites

Short excerpts edited from a longer remark that are especailly vivid in presenting an issue

Political analysis

A form of journalistic expression that explores and provided opionions on a topic in depth

Editorials

Opinionated articles that reveal the publications view

Op-eds

Opposing page to allow other opionions

Commentary

Opinion and interpretation

Narrowcasting

Demand for more media content also encourages the growth of media outlets with a specific political agenda and a targeted audience

Fairness Doctrine

A forme federal policy that required radio and television broadcasters to present alternative viewpoints

Talk Radio

Syndicated political shows that air at stations coast to coast

Mainstream Media

Collection of traditional news organizations

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to seek out and interpret information in a way that confirms what they already believe

Consumer-driven media

Those media whose content is influenced by the actions and needs of consumers