CHAPTER 11 Motivation and Emotion

Flashcards covering key concepts in motivation and emotion from CHAPTER 11.

Motivation

Any internal process or condition that directs behaviour toward a goal.

Intrinsic Motivation

Engaging in a behavior simply for the satisfaction that comes from doing it.

Extrinsic Motivation

Engaging in a behavior due to the influence of external rewards or incentives.

Homeostasis

A tendency of the body to maintain itself in a state of balance or equilibrium.

Drive Reduction Theory

A theory suggesting that behavior is motivated by biological needs to maintain the body in a state of balance.

Instinct Theory

A theory proposing that behavior is motivated by innate behavioral patterns activated by environmental stimuli.

Arousal Theory

A theory stating that motivation comes from a need to achieve an optimal level of arousal.

Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's theory that suggests our most basic needs must be fulfilled before we can pursue higher-level needs.

James-Lange Theory

A theory proposing that felt emotions result from physiological changes.

Cannon-Bard Theory

A theory proposing that the subjective experience of emotion and physiological arousal occur simultaneously.

Schachter and Singer Two-Factor Theory

A theory proposing that emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling.

Facial-Feedback Theory

A theory suggesting that facial expressions influence emotional experiences.

Amotivation

The state of being without motivation.

Fear

An emotion signaling a threat that motivates a flight or fight response.

Affiliation

The need to form attachments to other people for support, guidance, and protection.

Self-Determination Theory

A theory suggesting that competence, relatedness, and autonomy are instinctive motivations that give purpose to life.

Positive Psychology

The focus on positive emotions, traits, and abilities that contribute to a fulfilling life.

Loss Aversion

The tendency to be more motivated to avoid a loss than to achieve a gain.

Growth Mindset

The belief that skills and abilities can be developed through effort.

Fixed Mindset

The belief that skills and abilities are less malleable and largely determined by innate talent.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A principle suggesting that task performance is optimized at intermediate levels of arousal.

Leptin

A protein produced by fat cells that is important for regulating the amount of food eaten over long periods.

Instincts

Inborn behavioral tendencies activated by stimuli in our environments.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter involved in the brain's reward pathways, influencing feelings of pleasure.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder marked by binge eating followed by purging.

Binge Eating Disorder

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food.