L6.1 - Nucleic acids pt

What kind of long chain are DNA and RNA?

They are both polynucleotides made from nucleotides (monomers)

What does a nucleotide consist of?

Pentose sugar, phosphate group and nitrogeneous base

What type of pentose sugar is in DNA?

Deoxyribose (one -OH group)

What kind of pentose sugar is in RNA?

Ribose (two - OH groups)

What are the 4 bases in DNA?

Adanine - thymine

Guamine - cytosine

What are the 4 bases in RNA?

Adanine - Uracil

Guamine - Cytosine

Which of the bases are pyramidine (1 ring)?

Thymine, cytosine, uracil

Which of the bases are urine (2 bases)?

Adanine and guamine

How are polynucleotides formed?

Nucleotides linked by condensation reaction between phosphate of one to sugar or another.

• Forms a covalent ‘phosphodiester bond’

What kind of shape is a DNA molecule?

Double helix shape

• One in 5’ to 3’ direction

• One in 3’ to 5’ direction

• “antiparallel”

How many bonds does adanine make with thymine/uracil?

2 hydrogen bonds

How many bonds does guamine make with cytosine?

3 hydrogen bonds

Differences between ATP and Nucleotides?

ATP:

• 3 phosphate groups

• Always Adenine nitrogenous base

• Always ribose sugar

Nucleotide:

• 1 phosphate group

• Can be any nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G)

• Always deoxyribose sugar

What is ATP?

The universal energy carrier - immediate source of energy for biological processes

How does ATP store energy?

As chemical potential energy when synthesised by ATP synthase in condensation reaction.

Equation for ATP hydrolysis

ATP + H2O → ADP + Inorganic Phosphate → 30.6kJmol-1

What is does ADP mean?

Adenosine diphosphate - formed when ATP releases energy by losing a phosphate group.

• Recycled back into ATP during cellular respiration