Appendicular Skeleton - Joints

Participating bone of Humeral/Glenohumeral/Shoulder Joint

Glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus

Number of AR surface of Humeral/Glenohumeral/Shoulder Joint

Simple Joint

Form of the AR of Humeral/Glenohumeral/Shoulder Joint

Ball and Socket joint

Function of Humeral/Glenohumeral/Shoulder Joint

Shoulder flexion is not the same as limb flexion

Limb flexion involves shoulder extension

Its participating bones is glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus

Glenohumeral/Shoulder Joint

Types of Elbow Joint

• Humero-ulnar joint

• Humero-radial joint

• Proximal radio-ulnar

Participating bones of Humero-ulnar Joint

Humeral condyle, the radius head, and trochlear notch of the ulna

Number of Humero-ulnar Joint

Compound Joint

Form of Humero-ulnar Joint

Ginglymus or hinge joint

Function of Humero-ulnar Joint

Flexion extension

Participating bones of Humero-radial joint

Humeral condyle and Head of the radius

Number of Articulating Surface of Humero-radial joint

Simple joint

Form of the AR of Humero-radial joint

Ginglymus joint

Function of Humero-radial joint

• Flexion and extension of the elbow

• Pronation and supination of the forearm

Participating bones of Proximal radio-ulnar

Articular circumference of the radius and radial notch of ulna

Number of ar surface of Proximal radio-ulnar

Simple Joint

Form of the AR surface of Proximal radio-ulnar

Trochoid joint

Function of Proximal radio-ulnar

Rotation of the radius on its long axis pronation and supination

Participating Bones of Distal radio-ulnar joint

Ulnar notch of the radius, radial circumference of the ulna

Number of Distal radio-ulnar joint

Simple joint

Form of Distal radio-ulnar joint

Trochoid joint

Function of Distal radio-ulnar joint

Rotation of the radius on its long axis

PARTICIPATING BONES ofAntebrachiocarpaljoints

Radius and ulna articulating with intermedioradial and ulnar carpal bones

NUMBER  OF THE ARTICULATING SURFACe ofAntebrachiocarpaljoints

Compound

Form of

Antebrachiocarpaljoints

Ellipsoidal joint

Function ofAntebrachiocarpaljoints

Slight abduction and adduction movement

Participating bones ofMiddle carpal bone joint

Proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones

Number ofMiddle carpal bone joint

Compound

Form ofMiddle carpal bone joint

Condylar joint

Participating bones of Carpometacarpal joint

Carpal I-IV and Mc I-V

Number of Carpometacarpal joint

Compound

Form of Carpometacarpal joint

Compound

Function of Carpometacarpal joint

limited gliding and rotation of the metacarpal bones and aidingin the cupping of the palm

Participating bones of Metacarpophalangeal joint

Proximal phalanges,

Proximal sesamoid bones,

Distal sesamoid bones,metacarpal

bones

Number of Metacarpophalangeal joint

Compound

Form of Metacarpophalangeal joint

Hinge

Function of Metacarpophalangeal joint

Abduction and adduction movement

Participating bones of Proximal interphalangeal

Proximal and middle phalanges

Number of Proximal interphalangeal

Simple

Form of Proximal interphalangeal

Saddle

Function of Proximal interphalangeal

Flexion and extension of digit, enabling paw for movement, grasping, walking, and running

Participating bone ofDistal interphalangeal joint

Middle and distal phalanges

Number of Distal interphalangeal joint

Simple joint

Form of Distal interphalangeal joint

Saddle joint

Function of Distal interphalangeal joint

Facilitates flexion and extension of the digit

Participating bones of Sacroiliac joint

Auricular surface of the sacrum and ilium

Number of Sacroiliac joint

Simple joint

Form of Sacroiliac joint

Plane joint

Function of Sacroiliac joint

• Shock absorber for the spine

• helps distribute force from hind limbs

• allows for limited rotation and stability during movement

Participating bones of hip joint

Acetabulum formed by ilium, ischium, pubis and acetabular bone/ head of the femur

Number of hip joint

Compound

Form of hip joint

Ball and socket joint

Function of hip joint

• Flexion and extension

• Minimal adduction and abduction allowing stability

Participating bones of Femorotibial joint

Lateral and medial condyles of the femur  and tibia
sesamoid bones of the gastrocnemius  and popliteal muscles

Number of Femorotibial joint

Compound

Form of Femorotibial joint

Condyloid joint

Function Femorotibial joint

sliding, gliding and rotation as the joint flexes and extends

Participating bones of Femoropatellar joint

Trochlea of the femur/patellar articular surface

Number of Femoropatellar joint

Simple

Form of Femoropatellar joint

Sliding joint

Function of Femoropatellar joint

Gliding movement

Participating bones of Proximal tibiofibular joint

Tibial/head of the fibula

Number of Proximal tibiofibular joint

Simple joint

Form of Proximal tibiofibular joint

Plane joint

Function of Proximal tibiofibular joint

Without movement

Participating bones of distal tibiofibular joint

Distal end of the tibia and fibula

Number of Distal tibiofibular

Simple

Form ofDistal tibiofibular

Plane

Function ofDistal tibiofibular

Without movement

Participating bones of Tarsocrural joint ( the largest  )

Cochlea of the tibia/trochlea of the talus/articular surface of the lateral malleolus

Number of Tarsocrural joint ( the largest  )

Compound

Form of Tarsocrural joint ( the largest  )

Hinge

Function Tarsocrural joint ( the largest  )

plantarflexion (pointing the toes down) and dorsiflexion (pulling the toes up). 

Participating bones of Proximal intertarsal joint

Between talus, calcaneus and the central tarsal bone and tarsal boneIV

Number ofProximal intertarsal joint

Compound

Form of

Proximal intertarsal joint

Plane joint

Function of Proximal intertarsal joint

Slight rotation

Participating bones of Distal intertarsal joint

Between the central tarsal bone and tarsal bone, I-III

Number ofDistal intertarsal joint

Compound

Form ofDistal intertarsal joint

Plane joint

Function of Distal intertarsal joint

Little movement

Participating bones of.Tarsometatarsal joint

Between the tarsal bone, I-IV and metatarsal II-V

Number ofTarsometatarsal joint

Compand

Form ofTarsometatarsal joint

Plane joint

Function Tarsometatarsal joint

Little movement