chapter 3: Carbohydrates Lecture Notes

Flashcards about Carbohydrates

What are the potential benefits of a high fiber intake on cardiovascular health?

Improve serum lipid levels, lower blood pressure, and lower inflammatory marker levels.

What is the potential risk reduction in all-cause and CVD mortality with higher dietary fiber intake?

15% to 30% lower risk.

What is the correlation between fiber intake and body weight in observational studies?

Lower body weight.

How does fiber promote gastrointestinal health?

Increasing stool bulk to improve laxation.

What effect does a high fiber intake have on gut microbiota?

Increased diversity and functions.

Give an example of a fiber-rich fruit and its fiber content.

Apple with skin

Give an example of a fiber-rich nut and its fiber content.

Almonds

Give an example of a fiber-rich grain and its fiber content.

All-bran cereal

Give an example of a fiber-rich legume and its fiber content.

Black beans

Give an example of a fiber-fortified food and its fiber content.

Nature's Own Double Fiber Wheat Bread

What is one effect of lactose on the body, besides energy?

Enhances the absorption of calcium.

What is the primary use of maltose?

Flavoring and coloring agent in the manufacture of beer.

How do plants synthesize glucose?

Plants synthesize glucose through photosynthesis.

Where does the majority of starch in grains come from?

The middle portion of the kernel.

What happens to glycogen stored in animal tissue at the time of slaughter?

Converted to lactic acid.

What is fiber?

Non-digestible carbohydrates.

What health benefits are associated with fiber?

Cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, gastrointestinal conditions, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers.

What are the primary sources of fiber in the U.S. food supply?

Grain products, vegetables, legumes, nuts, soy, and fruit.

What are the two subcategories of simple sugars?

Monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Name three monosaccharides.

Glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Name three disaccharides.

Sucrose, maltose, and lactose.

Name three polysaccharides.

Starch, glycogen, and fiber.

What are monosaccharides?

Single molecules of sugar.

What are disaccharides?

Double sugars composed of two monosaccharides.

What is glucose?

Simple sugar that provides energy for body cells.

What is fructose?

Fruit sugar or levulose.

What is galactose's significance?

Combines with glucose to form lactose.

What is sucrose composed of?

50% glucose and 50% fructose.

What is lactose, also known as?

Milk sugar.

What elements compose carbohydrates?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

What are simple sugars?

Monosaccharides and disaccharides.

What are complex carbohydrates?

Starch, glycogen, and fiber.

What is starch?

The storage form of glucose in plants.

What is one learning objective of the chapter on carbohydrates?

To explain how carbohydrates are classified.

What is one learning objective of the chapter on carbohydrates?

To identify sources of carbohydrates.

What are the elements that compose carbohydrates?

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

What 2 categories are carbohydrates classified into?

Simple sugars and complex carbohydrates.

Name an example of a grain that contains 2.5g of Total Fiber

Bulgur

Name an example of a vegetable that contains 4g of Total Fiber

Collard Greens

Name an example of a legume that contains 9.5g of Total Fiber

White Beans

Name an example of fiber fortified food that contains 5g of Total Fiber

Fiber One Yoplait Yogurt

What is the definition of fiber?

A group name for non-digestible carbohydrates linked to an array of potential health benefits

What is the total fiber(g) in almonds?

4.0g

What is the total fiber(g) in raspberries?

8.0g

What is the total fiber(g) in kidney beans?

7.5g

What is the classification of carbohydrates that includes monosaccharides and disaccharides?

Simple Sugars

What is the group name for starch, glycogen, and fiber?

Complex Carbohydrates

Give an example of a starchy vegetable source of starch.

Potatoes

What molecules make up maltose?

Two glucose molecules

What do Polysaccharides not do despite being made of sugar?

Taste Sweet