Medications and Treatments of Bipolar Disorder

These flashcards cover the key medications, considerations, and case studies relevant to bipolar disorder as presented in the lecture notes.

What are the two major mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder?

Lithium and valproate (Depakote)

What is the primary mechanism of action of mood stabilizers like lithium?

The mechanism of action is unclear in how it affects neurotransmitters.

What are common adverse effects of lithium treatment?

Sedation, arrhythmias, excessive thirst, dry mouth, weight gain from water retention.

What is the therapeutic lithium blood level range?

0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L.

What can indicate signs of lithium toxicity?

Severe tremor, ataxia, seizures, confusion, coma.

What should be monitored when a patient is on valproate (Depakote)?

Monitor liver function tests (LFTs) for hepatotoxicity and watch for thrombocytopenia.

When treating manic episodes with psychosis, what type of medication is typically used?

Antipsychotics such as second-generation antipsychotics.

What is a significant risk of using antidepressants in bipolar disorder?

They can trigger a manic episode if not used with a mood stabilizer.

Why should a nurse assess for pregnancy before administering lithium?

Lithium is teratogenic and can harm a developing fetus.

What common adverse effects can occur with valproate?

Sedation, drowsiness, headaches, tremor, muscle weakness.

What is the reason for using olanzapine (Zyprexa) in treating mania?

Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic that has fewer side effects than first-generation antipsychotics.

What should patients be advised regarding alcohol consumption while taking Depakote?

Patients should avoid alcohol while on Depakote.

How does weight gain relate to olanzapine?

It is a common endocrine adverse effect, with an increased risk of diabetes.

What must be taken into account when considering a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder?

Family history, co-morbidities such as Anxiety Disorder and Substance Abuse, and use of stimulating drugs.

What are the therapeutic uses of olanzapine (Zyprexa)?

It treats psychosis during manic episodes.

What initial concerns should a nurse have when caring for a patient diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder?

Monitoring for acute symptoms, ensuring compliance with medication, and assessing for signs of mood instability or toxicity.

In the case study of Alice, what behaviors indicated her manic state?

Increased energy, irritability, inappropriate behavior, and reduced sleep.

What should be assessed regularly in patients receiving lithium and Depakote?

Blood levels and liver function tests.

What educational approaches are beneficial for a patient with bipolar disorder?

Psycho-education, medication education, cognitive behavioral therapy.