Enzymes, Enzymes - Biology

What are enzymes?

They serve as catalysts - speed up or slow down chemical reactions in the body

Enzymes are made of __________.

proteins

How do enzymes catalyse reactions?

They lower the activation energy - they DONT increase amount of product, just the speed at which it is produced.

What happens if an enzyme isn't present for a reaction?

The product will be the same, but the reaction would have been quicker if the enzyme was present

What happens if an enzyme is denatured?

It's structure will change and function is lost. They cannot be fixed.

What does high temperature do to enzymes?

After optimum temp, the enzyme will denature and lose its function.

What does low temperature do to enzymes?

Enzymes & substrates collide less often. Reaction rate is slower.

Lots of active sites and few substrates present is caused from ______________________

High enzyme concentration

Low substrate concentration does what to the reaction?

Lots of active sites and few substrates causes reaction to speed up

High substrate concentration and few active sights causes the reaction to be what?

Few active sites and more substrates causes reaction to be slower

A high/low pH causes enzymes to ____________

Denauture

Activation Energy

The amount of energy needed to start a reaction

What is a substrate?

The reactants of a chemical reaction that fit in the active site of the enzyme.

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

By lowering the activation energy

What is the function of catalysts

Speed up chemical reactions

What is lactase

An enzyme that breaks down lactose.

What is lactose?

A disaccacharide found in milk - substrate that fits in the active site of lactase.

What is sucrose?

A disaccharide found in table sugar - substrate that fits in the active site of sucrase.

What is sucrase?

An enzyme that breaks down sucrose.

Factors that affect Enzyme Activity

pH, temperature, and concentration of enzyme or substrate

Where is the active site?

Specific part of an enzyme where a substrate fits

Lock and Key Model

Enzymes and substrates fit together based on their specific shapes like a key fits a lock

Optimal temperature

Temperature at which enzyme works the best

Denature

Change in shape of an enzyme due to extremes in temperature of pH, causes the enzymes to stop functioning