TREM 1165 Test 2 Flashcards - Chapter 11 (Internet)

John F. Harris and Jim VandeHei

two reporters for the Washington Post that left the newspaper to start a politically centered website called Politico in 2007

Senator Ted Stevens

the former head of the committee in charge of regulating the Internet

Decentralization

The near indestructibility of information on the Internet derives from a military principle used in secure voice transmission (packet switching)

Distributed Network

In 1978 the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) began research on protocols to allow computers to communicate in a web-based network model to send small bundles of data

RAND Corporation

a nonprofit organization that conducts research and development in various fields and industries, developed packet switching

Host

a physical node that is directly connected to the Internet and “directs traffic” by routing packets of data to and from other computers connected to it

TCP gateway

acts “like a postal service” by consulting its directory of IP address listings to determine exactly which computer the requester is trying to contact

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

hypertext documents can be sent from computer to computer and can then be interpreted by a browser, which turns the HTML files into readable web pages

Mozilla Firefox

one modern browser (the other being Microsoft Internet Explorer) that only allows for the viewing of web pages

Cloud Computing

the process of outsourcing common computing tasks to a remote server

Computer Virus

unleashed by a student in the Philippines, typically a “bug” that messes with processes in your computer and causes damage

Neutrality Policy

Introduced by the FCC because of the fear that service providers that “foot the bill” for expanding high-speed Internet access would hamper the ability of an Internet startup to grow its business

Internet paradox

The idea that something that allowed communication across the globe could breed social alienation, coined by the American Psychological Association (APA)

Intimacy 2.0

The shrinking of privacy online has been rapidly exacerbated by social networks of the standard of putting personal information online

Saturday Night Live

NBC’s longest running comedy show, built an entertainment model around the popularity of its broadcast slot

Information Superhighway

the realization that the spread of the web could be harnessed for educational purposes; more than just the diversion of computer hobbyists, this new vision of the web would be a constant learning resource that anyone could use at rapid speeds

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS)

works like cloud computing, but in reverse; a coordinated effort by many different computers to bring down (or overwhelm) a specific website

Internet service provider (ISP)

Comcast, Verizon, Time Warner Cable, AT&T – all portals to the larger Internet, serving as a way for anyone with a cable line or phone line to receive broadband Internet access through a dedicated data line.