ASR- Brain Antomy knowtitall

cerebrum

• interprets your five senses

• regulates conscious actions that require thinking (speech, memory, behavior, personality, movement, reasoning and judgment)

• largest part of your brain, about about 85% of its total mass

cerebrum is divided into 2 halves

• left and right hemisphere

• fiber bundles(white matter) called the corpus callosum connect the two halves

Brain Stem

• regulates many automatic body functions(don’t consciously control)

• heart rate, breathing, sleep and wake cycles, and swallowing…

• in the lower part of your brain, connecting the rest of your brain to your spinal cord.

Cerebellum

• coordinates fine motor skill movements

• balance, posture, coordination…

• small, half-circle shape that’s located in the back of your brain around your brainstem

Cranium (is part of the skull)

Bony structure surrounding brain, cranium plus all the bones of the skull protect brain from injury

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

brain floats in this liquidy substance, also helps protect from injury

Tissues(3) between brain and skull

• Dura Mater (outermost layer, lines your cranial vault)

• Arachnoid membrane (middle layer has a thin layer of tissue that covers your entire brain)

• Pia mater (innermost layer contains blood vessels that run into your brain’s surface)

How many cranial nerves does the brain have?

***Nerves carry messages by sending electrical impulses back and forth between your brain, organs and muscles

Your brain has 12 cranial nerves

What are the lobes(a major section of the brain's cerebrum) that make up the brain?

Where are they, what are their functions?

• Frontal lobes

  • where? —> front part of your brain, behind your forehead (LARGEST lobe)

  • what? —> controls voluntary movements, social understanding, thinking and learning, and more

• Occipital lobes (.    )

  • where? —> the back of your brain

  • what? —> allows you to process and interpret visual information from your eyes

• Pariental lobes (.   )

  • where? —> upper back of your brain

  • what? —> receives + interprets signals from other parts of the brain allowing you to understand your environment and state of your body

• Temporal lobes (.    )

  • where? —> side of your head near your ears

  • what? helps you retrieve memories and understand language and emotions

Major Functional Systems

• Motor system

• Sensory systems

• Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

• Limbic system

(flashcards for each system…)

Gray vs. White matter in the brain

• two tissues in your brain known as gray and white matter

• Gray matter is the darker, outside section (the cerebral cortex) that helps you with your day-to-day functioning., like muscle control, using your senses, remembering something, experiencing emotions and speech.

• White matter is the lighter section below the gray matter that sends signals to different parts of your central nervous system to help you function.

Glial cells

Nuerons

• help maintain your brain, form myelin (a fatty, protective substance found in white matter) and provide nutrition to your brain

• Neurons send and receive electric and chemical signals

The current scientific consensus is that glial cells constitute about 50% of the cells in the brain, with a roughly 1-to-1 ratio of glial cells to neurons —→ There are close to 86 billion nerve cells (neurons) in the human brain and an equal amount of non-neuronal glial cells:

Amygdyla

Part of your limbic system and located in your temporal lobes, it helps you regulate your emotions, especially fear

Basal ganglia

Deep within your cerebrum, these structures regulate your movement.

Hippocampus

This small structure in your temporal lobes is responsible for your memory and learning

Thalamus

Sitting above your brainstem, this is the switchboard to your central nervous system. It relays sensory information to your cerebral cortex from the rest of your bod

Hypothalamus

Just below your thalamus, the hypothalamus regulates hormones and autonomic functions like hunger and thirst

Pituitary gland

Below the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland regulates hormone activity

Pineal gland

In the back of your corpus callosum, this gland regulates your sleep and wake cycles.