English Mock

Verbs of Inference

Suggests

Implies

Indicates

Conveys

Depicts

Signifies

Illustrates

Exemplifies

Highlights

Alludes to

Insinuates

Intimates

Analytical Verbs

Accentuates

Intensifies

Enhances

Heightens

Creates

Establishes

Builds

Encapsulates

Epitomises

Typifies

Reinforces

Strengthens

Symbolises

Represents

Evokes

Reader’s Response

Shocks

Horrifies

Disgusts

Surprises

Astonishes

Amazes

Intrigues

Entices

Confuses

Perplexes

Bewilders

Alienates

Isolates

Overwhelms

Frustrates

Angers

Infuriates

Inspires

Emboldens

Empowers

Adverbs of Affirmations

Definitely

Surely

Certainly

Deliberately

Cleverly

Frequently

Regularly

Unquestionably

Indubitably

Characteristically

Typically

Adverbs of Clarity

Especially

Particularly

Notably

Prominently

Marked

Predominantly

Adverbs of Speculation

Possibly

Potentially

Seemingly

Viably

Arguably

Conceivably

Modal Verbs

Could

Might

May

Similarities

Similarly

Likewise

Complements

Parallels

Corresponds

Differences

Contrasts with

Juxtaposes

Differs from

Contradicts

Opposes

Exposition (laying out)

Introduced to main characters and settings.

The inciting incident

Something happens to change things, usually to the protagonist. This is when the story usually begins.

Complications

Complications or turning points change the course of the story. Sometimes Multiple.

Climax

When things come to a head, leading to a happy or sad ending. This is not usually not right at the end.

The coda “tail”

This describes a usually short section where we can reflect on what has happened. Normally the writer reminds us in some way of the beginning of the story. (e.g. - returning the protagonist to same place).

Themes in both Tess and ATSS

Powerlessness of the victim

Courage / Sacrifice

Loss

Violence and Fear

Motherhood

Relationships

Death

Journeys

The concept of time

The experience of growing up

Cruelty

Allegory

A rhetorical device that creates a close, one-to-one comparison.

E.g. 21st century Britain and a Hive

• Both have queens, workers and soldiers

Allusion

A figure of speech whereby the author refers to a subject matter such as a place, event or literary work by the way of passing reference. Makes connections.

Antagonist

Someone who is opposed the protagonist

Anti-Hero

A central character who does not have the qualities usually associated with a 'hero’

Antithesis

The direct oppositie

Bildungsroman

A text, usually a novel, describing the childhood and education of the central character.

Colloquial

Colloquial language is the informal language of conversation. E.g. using the term ‘kids’ instead of the standard english word ‘children’

Denouement

The culmination or result of an action, plan or plot

Diatribe

An impassioned rant or angry speech of denunciation

doppelganger

Usually shaped as a twin, shadow or a mirror image of a protagonist. It often refers to a character who physically resembles the protagonist and may have the same name as well. It can take the form of an ‘evil twin’, not known to the actual person, who confuses people related to the original person.

Dystopian

Dystopian Literature shows us a nightmarish image about what might happen in the near future. Usually the main themes are ; rebellion, oppression, revolutions, wars, overpopulation and disasters. Opposite of this is Utopia, which is a perfect world.

Empiricism

As a philosophy empiricism means bashing knowledge on direct, sensory perceptions of the world. Empirical means seeking out facts established by experience not theory.

Epigraph

A short quotation or saying at the beginning of the book or chapter, intended to suggest the theme.

Epistolary

A novel written in the form of an exchange of letters (epistles)

Exposition

Literary device used to introduce background information about events, settings, characters etc. To the audience or the readers

Foreground

To emphasis or make prominent

Foreshadow

Where the future events in a story, or perhaps the outcome, are suggested by the author before they happen.

Form

The type of literary expression chosen by an author.

Genre

A more precise definition of the different literary forms. There are general categories, such as poetry, drama, prose. There are specific categories within these larger divisions, a sonnet is a specific genre within the larger genre of poetry

Hyperbole

The use of exaggeration for effect

Intertextuality

A term describing the many ways in which the text can be interrelated, ranging from direct quotations or echoing, to parody

Juxtaposition

A literary technique in which two or more words, ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts.

Meta

From the Greek meaning ‘above or beyond’. Meta is often used in compound words ; metatext, metatheatre, metafiction. these words usually describe moments when the text goes beyond its own fictionality or makes the audience / readers aware of the conventions of its fiction. An aside could be described as a ‘metatheatrical’ event. The audience offstage hear words the audience onstage cannot hear. Metafiction is fiction about fiction ; novels and often stories that call attention to their fictional status and their own compositional procedures.