Anatomy Chapter 6 Terms

Name the 5 functions of skeletal system

Name the 5 functions of skeletal system

support, storage of minerals and lipids, blood cell production, protection, leverage

Support

framework for soft tissues and organs

Storage of minerals and lipids

produce blood cells in red marrow

blood cell production

RBC and WBC produced in red bone marrow

protection

surround soft tissue and organs

leverage

can change direction in magnitude

Sutural Bones

small, flat, irregular shapes - between the flat bones and skull

Irregular Bones

complex shapes - pelvis, vertebrae

Short Bones

boxy with equal dimensions - wrists and ankles

Flat Bones

thin, parallel surfaces - ribs and shoulder blade

Long Bones

long and slender - arm, leg

Sesamoid

small, round, flat - knee caps

outer layer of bone is called…

periosteum

what kind of bone cell creates more osteoblasts?

osteogenic

what kind of bone cells build up bone cells?

osteoblasts

what kind of bone cells stores calcium?

osteocytes

what kind of bone cells takes out calcium?

osteoclasts

what does compact bone do?

supports, protects and resists stress

what does spongy bone do?

provides some support and stores marrow

what is the main unit of compact bone?

osteon

what are the four traits that are characteristics of bone?

canaliculi, periosteum, osteocytes, calcium matrix

what are the two types of ossification?

endochondral and intramembranous

function and location of endochondral ossification

contributes to longitudinal growth in the long bones - has to do with cartilage

function and location of intramembranous ossification

converts mesenchymal tissue to bone - flat bone

sutural bone

irregular bone

flat bone

short bone

long bone

sesamoid bone

what is released when blood calcium levels are high?

calcitonin

bones grow in length due to the…

epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

1 a-b

a: epiphysis

b: spongy / cancellous

2 a

a: metaphysis / growth plate

3 a-b

a: diaphysis

b: compact

4 a

Periosteum

in distal portion of radius - results from reaching out to cushion a fall

Colles Fracture

occurs at ankle- affects both tibia and fibula

Pott’s Fracture

needs no adjustment - causes by twisting stresses

Non-Displaced Spiral

needs adjustment - caused by twisting stresses

Displaced Spiral

shattered into tiny bone fragments

Comminuted

horizontal fracture - in ulna

Traverse

occurs in children- one shaft is broken and one is bent

Greenstick

in femur- occurs at growth plates

Epiphyseal

occurs in vertebrae- extreme stresses

Compressed

what does blood cell production do?

produces red bone marrow

osteolysis

process of destruction of body tissue

osteon

unit in compact bone that forms a pattern

trabecular

spongy part of bone

calcification

build up of extra calcium

what is the process of replacing other tissues with bone?

ossification

osteopenia

bone mass decreases

lacunae

pockets

mature bone cells that are found in the lacunae are called…

osteocytes

cartilage is being replaced by bone in the…

metaphysis

storage of lipids occur in….

yellow bone marrow