recent strain theories

• Recent strain theorists have argued that young people may pursue a v____ of goals other than m____ s____.

• These include what things?

• Like earlier strain theorists, they argue that f____ to achieve these g____ may result in d___.

• They also argue that middle-class juveniles too may have problems achieving such g____, thus offering an explanation for middle-class delinquency.

• Recent strain theorists have argued that young people may pursue a variety of goals other than money success.

• These include popularity with peers, autonomy from adults, or the desire of some young males to be treated like 'real men'.

• Like earlier strain theorists, they argue that failure to achieve these goals may result in delinquency.

• They also argue that middle-class juveniles too may have problems achieving such goals, thus offering an explanation for middle-class delinquency.

Institutional anomie theory

• Like Merton's theory, M____ and R____ (2001) i____ a____ theory focuses on the A_____ D____

• They argue that it’s obsession with what? exert 'pressures towards crime by encouraging an a___c___ environment in which people are encouraged to adopt what type of mentality? in the pursuit of wealth

Institutional anomie theory

• Like Merton's theory, Messner and Rosenfeld's (2001) institutional anomie theory focuses on the American Dream.

• They argue that its obsession with money success and its 'winner-takes-all' mentality, exert 'pressures towards crime by encouraging an anomic cultural environment in which people are encouraged to adopt an 'anything goes mentality in pursuit of wealth.

Institutional anomie theory

• In capitalist society e____ goals are valued above all, and this u__ other i____

• For example, schools become geared to what? at the expense of i____ v_____ such as respect for others.

• M____ and R_____ conclude that in societies based on free-market capitalism and lacking adequate welfare p____, such as the USA, high crime rates are i_____.

Institutional anomie theory

• In capitalist society economic goals are valued above all, and this undermines other institutions

• For example, schools become geared to preparing pupils for the labour market at the expense of inculcating values such as respect for others.

• Messner and Rosenfeld conclude that in societies based on free-market capitalism and lacking adequate welfare provision, such as the USA, high crime rates are inevitable.

Institutional anomie theory

✓support

• D____ and H____ (2006) offer evidence for this view. In a survey of crime rates and welfare spending in how many countries, they found societies that spent more on w____ had lower rates of i_____.

• This backs up Messner and Rosenfeld's claim that societies that protect the p____ from the worst excesses of the free market have less crime.

Institutional anomie theory

✓support

• Downes and Hansen (2006) offer evidence for this view. In a survey of crime rates and welfare spending in 18 countries, they found societies that spent more on welfare had lower rates of imprisonment.

• This backs up Messner and Rosenfeld's claim that societies that protect the poor from the worst excesses of the free market have less crime.

• S______ (1995) applies strain theory to which societies? in E____ E____, which saw a rapid rise in crime after the fall of communism in 1989.

• He attributes this rise to c_____ c____ values being replaced by new w____ c____ goals of individual 'money success'.

• Savelsberg (1995) applies strain theory to post-communist societies in Eastern Europe, which saw a rapid rise in crime after the fall of communism in 1989.

• He attributes this rise to communism's collective values being replaced by new western capitalist goals of individual 'money success'.