Disorders of WBC and Lymphoid Tissue

where are WBC formed

bone marrow or lymph

WBC life span is

relatively short

deficiency of leukocytes

leukopenia

low neutrophils

neutropenia

occurs in absence of other diseases or provoking influence

idiopathic neutropneia

S/S:

reduced WBC

malaise

chills

fever

extreme weakness/fatigue

leukopenia/neutropenia

self-limiting lymphoproliferative disorder caused by epstein-barr

infectious mononucleosis

how is mono transmitted

saliva

S/S:

fever

generalized lymphadenopathy

sore throat

mono

what are the most important WBC disorders arising from B and T cells

neoplastic disorders of hematopoietic and lymphoid origin

unknown cause leading to malignant transformation of B and T cells

lymphomas (hodgkin and non-hodgkin)

where do lymphomas originate

lymph nodes, spreads early to lymph tissues

manifests as:

painless lymphadenopathy

fever

night sweats

weight loss

lymphomas

predominantly B cells

low grade lymphoma

includes B cells and some T cells

intermediate lymphomas

B and T cells

high grade lymphomas

malignant B cells invade lymph organs causing presence of reed-sternberg resulting in painless and progressive enlargement of nodes

hodgkins lymphoma

stage A - hodgkins S/S

lack of symptoms

stage B - hodgkins S/S

40% weight loss

fever

pruritis

night sweats

advanced - hodgkins S/S

fatigue

anemia

liver

lungs

digestive tract

what is the treatment for non-hodgkins lymphoma

adjuvant radiation and monoclonal antibodies

malignant neoplasms arising from transformation of single blood cell line

leukemias

how are leukemias classified

cell liniage

leukemic cells are

immature and poorly differentiated

what is the effect of leukemia cells

improper function

rapid proliferation with long lifespan

interference with maturation of normal blood cells

cancer of blood progenitor cells

depressed bone marrow function

sudden and stormy onset

acute leukemia

what are the types of acute leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

S/S:

fatigue

pallor

weight loss

repeated infections

easy bruising

nosebleeds

other types of hemorrhage

acute leukemia

malignancies involving the proliferation of well-differentiated myeloid and lymphoid cells

chronic leukemia

what are the types of chronic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

extremely elevated bast cell count

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

leukostasis

lethargy, fever and enlarged spleen during blastic phase

blast crisis

occurs when a large number of cancer cells die within a short period of time, releasing chemicals, and damaging the kidney and heart

Tumor lysis syndrome

excess uric acid in the blood which damages the renal system

hyperuricemia

malignancy of B plasma cells

multiple myeloma

what does multiple myeloma mainly involve

bones and bone marrow

what does multiple myeloma cause

bone reabsorption/destruction

fractures

hypercalcemia

S/S:

anemia

neutropenia

thrombocytopenia

bone pain

hypercalcemia

pathologic fracture

failure to produce antibodies

renal failure

proteinuria

multiple myeloma