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Transcription
________ is the first step of protein synthesis and occurs in the nucleus.
Initiation
________ occurs when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter.
Translation
________ takes place in the cytoplasm and is the last step of protein synthesis.
termination
In ________, the stop sequence causes the RNA polymerase to release the newly formed RNA strand.
Induced mutations
___________ are caused by mutagens (environmental factors that alter base composition of DNA.
DNA
________ is the template and is catalyzed by the enzyme polymerase.
Neutral mutations
________ do not affect an organisms fitness.
Mutations
________ can have different impacts on fitness.
tRNA molecules
________ transfer amino acids to the ribosomes.
Beneficial mutations
________ increase the fitness (ability to survive and reproduce) of an organism.
RNA strand
A newly created ________ is called a transcript.
Transcription
________ occurs in three steps which are: initiation, elongation, and termination.
Translation
________ involves all three types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA)
Mutations
________ can be spontaneous or induced.
https
/ www.britannica.com/science/DNA-polymerase
Transcription occurs in three steps which are
initiation, elongation, and termination
Cancer-causing mutagens
___________ are called carcinogens.
promotor
A ____________ is a region of DNA that defines the start of transcription, the direction of transcription, and which strand of DNA will be transcribed.
Modifications that need to be made before a pre-mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus are
These modifications include a modified guanine nucleotide called a cap being placed at the 5’ end, a chain of 150-200 adenine nucleotides being added to the 3’ end (this is called a poly-A tail), and introns must be excised by complexes called spliceosomes.
transcript
A newly created RNA strand is called a __________.
Note 
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