Global History II - Regents Review Vocab Topic 9 & 10

Zionism

Jewish nationalist movement that has had as its goal the creation and support of a Jewish national state

Palestine

part of the region known as Canaan where the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah were located

Balfour Declaration

a public pledge by Britain in 1917 declaring its aim to establish "a national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine

Pan-Arabism

an ideology that espouses the unification of the countries of North Africa and Western Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea

Kemal Ataturk

the first president of the Republic of Turkey from 1923

Westernization

the adoption of the practices and culture of western Europe by societies and countries in other parts of the world, whether through compulsion or influence

Reza Khan

first shah of the House of Pahlavi of the Imperial State

Mohandas Ghandi

Indian revolutionary and religious leader who used his religious power for political and social reform

Civil Disobedience

the refusal to obey the demands or commands of a government or occupying power, without resorting to violence or active measures of opposition

Passive Resistance

a way of opposing the government without using violence especially by refusing to obey laws

Amritsar Massacre

A massacre of unarmed supporters of Indian self‐government by British troops in the city of Amritsar, Punjab

Salt March

an act of civil disobedience led by Mohandas Gandhi to protest British rule in India

China Civil War

war between communist Mao Zedong and nationalist Chaing-Kai Shek

Kuomintang (Nationalists)

Chinese political party that ruled mainland China from 1927 to 1949

Communists

goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production

Sun Yat-Sen

a world-renowned revolutionary who devoted his entire life to overthrowing the Qing Dynasty and setting up the Republic of China

Chiang Kai-Shek

a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China

Peasants

used to refer to the rural poor, rural residents, serfs, agricultural laborers, and the "common" or

Long March

when Mao and his 100,000 followers fled and they trekked 6,000 miles and they faced daily attack

Great Depression

the worst economic crisis in modern history, lasting from 1929 until the beginning of World War II in 1939

Facism

a mass political movement that emphasizes extreme nationalism, militarism, and the supremacy of both the nation and the single, powerful leader over the individual citizen

Mussolini

Italian nationalist and the founder of Italian Fascism

Hitler

Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945

Weimar Republic

the name given to the German government between the end of the Imperial period (1918) and the beginning of Nazi Germany

Third Reich

referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the German Empire

Nuremberg Laws

two race-based measures depriving Jews of rights, designed by Adolf Hitler and approved by the Nazi Party

Nazism

a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system

Appeasement

foreign policy of pacifying an aggrieved country through negotiation in order to prevent war

Munich Conference

settlement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia

Winston Churchill

inspirational statesman, writer, orator and leader who led Britain to victory in the Second World War

Franklin D. Roosevelt

an American statesman and politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945

Axis Powers

coalition headed by Germany, Italy, and Japan that opposed the Allied Powers in World War II

Allied Powers

coalition of countries that opposed the Axis powers (led by Germany, Italy, and Japan) during World War II

Invasion of Poland

a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union

Blitzkrieg

Germany's strategy to avoid a long war in the first phase of World War II in Europe

France

one of the largest military powers to come under occupation as part of the Western Front in World War II

Charles de Gaulle

led the Free French forces in resisting capitulation to Germany during World War II and became provisional president of France in the immediate aftermath of the war

Battle of Britain

the successful defense of Great Britain against the air raids conducted by the German air force in 1940 after the fall of France during World War II

Pearl Harbor

the site of the unprovoked aerial attack on the United States by Japan on December 7, 1941

Stalingrad

a major battle between German and Soviet troops in World War II

Midway

US and Japanese naval forces engaged in a five-day battle in the middle of the Pacific Ocean that changed the course of the war in the Pacific

D-Day (Normandy)

brought together the land, air, and sea forces of the allied armies in what became known as the largest amphibious invasion in military history

Yalta Conference

Roosevelt and Churchill discussed with Stalin the conditions under which the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan

Island Hopping

skipping over heavily fortified islands in order to seize lightly defended locations that could support the next advance

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

the first instances of atomic bombs used against humans, killing tens of thousands of people, obliterating the cities, and contributing to the end of World War II

Genocide

the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group

Concentration Camp

a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment

Death Camp

designed specifically for the systematic killing of people delivered en masse by the Holocaust trains

Holocaust

the state-sponsored persecution and mass murder of millions of European Jews, Romani people, the intellectually disabled, political dissidents and homosexuals by the German Nazi regime between 1933 and 1945

Bataan Death March

forced march of 70,000 U.S. and Filipino prisoners of war (World War II) captured by the Japanese in the Philippines

Rape of Nanking

the Japanese butchered an estimated 150,000 male "war prisoners," massacred an additional 50,000 male civilians, and raped at least 20,000 women and girls of all ages

Nuremburg Trials

held by the Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany, for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries, and other crimes, in World War II

United Nations

an international organization founded in 1945