Predation 1 Ecology 3500 University of Georgia

Unit 3 Ecology 3500. 1. Define consumptive effect of predation, using examples to support your understanding 2. Define non-consumptive effects of predation, using examples to support your understanding Relate changes in consumptive and non-consumptive effects to cycles of predator and prey populations

What are consumptive effects of predation?

Effects that occur when predators kill prey, directly limiting prey population sizes.

What are non-consumptive effects of predation?

Effects that occur when prey populations are limited due to fear of predation, leading to changes in behavior or habitat.

How do predator and prey population cycles relate?

Predator and prey populations cycle together, often with predator populations lagging behind prey populations due to consumptive and non-consumptive effects.

What example illustrates the consumptive effects of introduced beetles?

Herbivory from introduced beetles controlled the spread of the introduced Klamath weed.

How can fear of predation affect prey behavior?

Fearful prey may change habitats, behaviors, or timings of activity, which can waste time and energy.

What is a predator isocline?

The number of prey at which the predator population size stays constant.

What happens to hare population size based on lynx population changes?

Hare populations decline as lynx populations increase.

What factors are tested in manipulative experiments regarding predator effects?

Researchers test the impact of consumptive versus non-consumptive effects on prey survival and behavior.

What is the significance of the time lag in predator-prey dynamics?

The time lag indicates that changes in prey abundance often occur before changes in predator abundance.

What did the study involving songbird nests aim to measure?

It aimed to measure the non-consumptive effects of predator sounds on the survival rates of baby birds.

What might reduce hare population in high lynx densities?

Fear of predation can reduce hare population in areas with high lynx densities.

What is the expected relationship between hare density and lynx density?

Higher hare densities allow for increased lynx densities.

What is the primary cause of hare population cycles?

Hare population cycles are driven by both consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predation.

What is an example of non-consumptive effects on prey?

songbirds spending more time fleeing than caring for their young, which decreases offspring survival rate.