Lecture Notes on Electronic Structure of Atoms

These flashcards cover key concepts about the electronic structure of atoms, including quantum numbers, frequency calculations, and the Pauli exclusion principle.

What is the formula to calculate the frequency of light given its wavelength?

Frequency (f) = Speed of light (c) / Wavelength (λ)

What is the speed of light in m/s?

3.00 x 10^8 m/s

What does the principal quantum number (n) represent?

The energy of an electron and the size of the orbital.

What is the significance of the angular momentum quantum number (l)?

It specifies the shape of an orbital for a given principal quantum number.

What determines the orientation of an orbital in space?

The magnetic quantum number (m) determines the orientation.

What is the Pauli exclusion principle?

No two electrons in the same atom can have identical values for all four quantum numbers, meaning two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins.

What do unpaired electrons indicate about a substance's magnetic properties?

Substances with unpaired electrons are paramagnetic and are weakly attracted to magnets.

How can you differentiate between diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances?

Diamagnetic substances have all paired electrons and are not attracted to magnets; paramagnetic substances have unpaired electrons and are attracted to magnets.

What is the formula for the energy of a photon?

Energy (E) = Planck's constant (h) x frequency (f) or E = hc/λ.