Sex and Development (3)

Gonads

sex organ

gametes

sex cells

Components of seminal fluid and where each gets made

Seminal vesicle: fructose, factors for sperm motility, Prostate gland: milky enzymes & fructose, Bulbourethral gland: mucus & sugars

parts of sperm cell

head:nucleus with haploid DNA with acrosome has enzymes inside to break apart protective layers of fertility, Body: make ATP to power tail, Tail: single flagellum used to move sperm cell

path of sperm ejaculation

0. meiosis: sperm production

1. Maturation: sperm mature in epididymis

2. Storage and transfer: muscle contractions cause sperm to move from the epididymis through the vas deferns

3. Delivery: sperm move through the ejaculatory duct into the urethra

What happens during the process of fertilization

1.Activation: a sperm breaks through the protective cells(acrosome)→ opens up to release enzymes, 2. Penetration: plasma membranes of sperm and egg stick together, sucks in liquid so no other sperm comes in 3. Fusion of Nuclei: haploid egg nucleus + haploid sperm nucleus fuse to form diploid zygote (fertilized egg)

Are copulation and fertilization the same thing?

fertilization is where the sperm and egg haploid cell come together and form a zygote in the oviduct, copulation is the paths the sperm takes and egg takes to meet in the oviduct

Developmental stage: Cleavage

1st step: rapid cell division: roughly first week: ends with the making of Blastula: hollow ball of cells with a inner cell mass

Developmental stage: Gastrulation

2nd step: cells to tissues→ tissue differentiation, Germ Layer: Ectoderm: outside, Endoderm: digestive/respiratory tract, liver, pancreas, Mesoderm: muscles and skeleton + systems

Developmental stage: Neurulation

notochord: flexible rod provides structure & support to the surrounding tissue to start making shapes

First trimester

organogenesis; LOTS of development, growth

2nd trimester

LOTS of growth, some development

3rd trimester

LOTS of growth and DEVELOPMENT of nervous system and lungs

Childbirth step 1

2-20 hrs, muscle contraction, 10 cm cervix, 7-10 cm hard labor → extreme energy

Childbirth step 2

20 min to 2 hrs, delivery of the baby faced down

Childbirth step 3

last contraction of placenta from the uterus wall