The Earth and Its Peoples (Chapters 13-15; flashcards taken from quizlet)

An advantage of Mongol rule was that

It promoted the spread of ideas and movement of people in Eurasia

Greek historian Herodotus portrayed steppe nomads as

Superb horsemen, herdsmen, and hunters

The Mongol leader, the khan,

Had his decisions ratified by a council

What was the rule of Mongol women in politics?

Women from prestigious families were often powerful in negotiation and management

The religion of the Central Asian steppe nomads was

A diverse mixture of various religions

What metal was crucially important to the Central Asian nomads?

Iron

The first Mongol conquests under Genghis Khan were in

China

Which was NOT one of the techniques employed by the Mongols to defeat the armies they faced?

Diplomacy

Why did the Mongols refrain from attacking Central Europe in 1241?

The death of the Great Khan

Narratives such as Marco Polo's created a European

Ambition to find easier routes to Asia

The Mongol expansion

Created a flow of disease via the trade routes

The conflict between the Il-khan and the Golden Horde originated in

Religious difference

In 1295, the Il-khan leader Ghazan converted to which religion?

Islam

Tax farming is

The sale of tax-collecting contracts to small corporations.

Who was Juvaini?

The first to write the history of the Mongols

Why was there a cultural flowering in Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia under the Timurids?

Iran and China shared artistic trends and political ideas.

Who attempted to write the first world history?

Rashid Al-Din

Islamic mathematician Nasir al-Din strongly influenced

Copernicus

The Timurids supported the advancement of astronomical observation, particularly the discovery of

Eclipse prediction

How did Mongol control impact Russia's Orthodox Church?

They were granted great privileges

Which city became Russia's dominant political center under the Mongols?

Moscow

Mongol rule of Russia was overthrown by

Ivan III

As in Anatolia and the states of Eastern Europe, the Teutonic Knights fought

The Mongols

The Mongol armies often consisted of

A multinational force with Mongol leaders

Which of the following did the Europeans NOT learn from the Mongols?

Porcelain

In 1453, the Ottomans conquered which important city?

Constantinople

The Mongols were influenced by religious leaders from

Tibet

Why didn't China as we think of it exist before the Mongols?

The Mongols reunited China permanently

The Yuan tax administration relied on

Persian, Arab, and Uighur administrators

Much to the distress of the Confucians, the Mongols elevated the status of

Merchants

To solve the problem of credit, the Mongols provided

Paper money and copper coins

One impact of the cities under Mongol rule was

The increasing influence of Mandarin

Which of the following is NOT one of the aspects of Mongol rule that created hardship and a sharp population decrease?

Their insistence that the Chinese practice agriculture rather than trade

The Mongols encouraged the sharing and exchange of all of the following EXCEPT

Confucianism

In 1368, the Yuan Empire was overthrown and replaced by the

Ming Empire

To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperor

Severed relations with the Middle East and Asia and closed the borders to foreigners

The Emperor Yongle improved the imperial complex built by the Mongols called the

Forbidden City

The Emperor Yongle restored commercial links with the Middle East by

Exploring maritime connections and encouraging the voyages of Zheng He

Zheng He's primary accomplishment was

Acquiring Ming tributary states

Why didn't Ming China develop seafaring for commercial and military gain?

The Mongol threat from the north took priority over seafaring.

The Chinese rigorously censored information because they

Feared technology transfer

Water Margin and Romance of the Three Kingdoms are examples of

Ming literature

The Ming produced one of the most prized commercial products of Eurasia,

Porcelain

Which of the following are NOT among the influences that the Mongols had on Korea?

They taught the Koreans to sail and build ships.

The relationship between the leading family in Korea, the Koryo family, and the Mongols was

The Koryo family became loyal and attached to the Mongols

Although the Yi kingdom publicly rejected the Mongols, they

Adopted Mongol administrative practices and institutions

The rise in literacy in Korea resulted from

The improved printing system and the han'gul writing system

Unlike in Ming China, the development of agriculture in the Yi Kingdom was based on what cash crop?

Cotton

What military techniques or innovations made the Yi military a formidable defensive force?

Cannon with gunpowder driven arrow launchers

What prevented the Mongols from invading Japan?

A storm preventing them from establishing a base

How did the threat of Mongol invasion affect Japan?

The Japanese govts spent a lot of time building coastal defenses, hoping to consolidate the warrior class

Kamikaze means

Wind of the gods

The ancestor of modern Vietnam was formed when Annam

Annexed Champa

What well traveled Muslim scholar left a journal that has become a valuable historical source?

Ibn Battuta

The tropics are warm year-round. The center of the tropical zone is marked by the

Equator

The rainy and dry seasons in the Indian Ocean reflect the influence of

The monsoons

Human migrations spread many useful plants and animals by 1200, these include

Bananas, yams, and coffee

The form of extensive agriculture used in Sub-Saharan Africa is called

Shifting cultivation

To accommodate the uneven distribution of rainfall, South Indian farmers

Constructed elaborate irrigation canals

The most abundant metal worked in the tropics was

Iron

Africa exported large quantities of what mineral across the Sahara, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean?

Copper

The empire of Mali in West Africa and Delhi in Southern Asia both utilized

Islamic administration

The spread of Islam to lands south of the Sahara came about through

A gradual and peaceful process of conversion

In contrast to the kingdom of Ghana that preceded it which of the following CANNOT be said about Mali? It

Was smaller

Mansa Kankan Musa made a famous pilgrimage that

Served to demonstrate the enormous wealth of his country

In addition to fulfilling his personal religious obligations, Mansa Musa's pilgrimage resulted in

Construction of new mosques and Quranic schools in Mali

The Turkish invaders successfully invaded India due to

The division of India into small states

The Turkish conquest of northern India was aided by

Indian rebellions

Sultan Iltutmish passed his empire to Raziyah, his

Daughter

The Delhi Sultans controlled their empire in India by

Terror and high taxes

When the Delhi Sultanate began to lose control of its realm, new kingdoms emerged in India called

Bahmani and Vijayanagar

Although the Delhi Sultanate had its problems, it did provide a

Centralized political authority to India

Which of the following did NOT help to increase Indian Ocean trade between 1200 and 1500?

Invention of the lateen sail and the compass

The characteristic ship of the Arabian Sea was the

Dhow

The largest, most technologically advanced ship in the Indian Ocean was the Chinese

Junk

The different regional networks of the Indian Ocean trade were tied together by

Commercial interests

By 1259, the most important trading city of the Swahili Coast was

Kiowa

The economic and political power of Great Zimbabwe was based on long distance trade in

Gold, copper, and salt

The city of Aden in Arabia was an excellent location for

Growing grain and a convenient stopover for traders from India

Which of the following was NOT an item that the Indian state of Gujarat derived from wealth from manufacturing and trading

Iron weapons

As trade increased in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Strait of Malacca became the center of a political rivalry between

Majapahit and Chinese pirates

Because of the trade through the Strait of Malacca, Malacca became an important port and

Became a meeting place for traders from around the Eurasian world

The cultural blending associated with the expansion and spread of Islam from 1200 to 1500 can be seen by examining

The design of mosques blending older traditions and new influences

Which of the following statements is true about the role the mosque played in Islamic society?

Mosques were centers of learning and promoted literacy.

The spread of Islam to India promoted a new language that combined Persian and Hindi influence called

Urdu

The spread of Islam between 1200 and 1500 encouraged all but the following

The parallel spread of Christianity

The most profitable item traded from North Africa to Timbuktu, a center for learning, was

Books

In India, Islamic invasion practically

Destroyed the last strongholds of Buddhism

The prosperity of the Asian and African kingdoms from 1200 to 1500 was accompanied by the

Growth of slavery

The status of women in tropical India may have improved based on reports that

Sati, or widow burning, became optional

Which of the following was NOT one of the active roles or special skills that women of tropical regions played or contributed to their communities?

Ruling many countries throughout the tropics

The period from 1200 to 1500 is better known as Europe's

Later Middle Age's

Western Europeans of the later Middle Ages refer to themselves as

Latins

In the Latin West during the Later Middle Ages approximately

Nine out of ten people were rural

In return for use of their lord's land, serfs

Had to give the lord a share of the harvest and perform services

In Europe's later Middle Ages women were considered to be

Inferior to men

The three field system was

An agricultural method

The average life expectancy for a European of this period was

Thirty to thirty five years

By the time it subsided, the Black Death killed

One out of three Western Europeans

Which of the following was NOT a social result of the Black Death epidemic?

A call for democracy