APES 1.1 Introduction to Ecosystems

Biotic

Organic matter, living things. EX: oysters, blue crabs, zooplankton, phytoplankton, jellyfish, kelp, grass, trees, birds, etc.

Parasites

can cause diseases in their hose called pathogens.

Abiotic

Climate, nonliving things. EX: Sunlight, temperature, nutrients, humidity, soil, rocks

Predation

A positive/negative relationship between predator and prey where the predator survives by killing and eating prey

True predators

A predator that kills their prey and consume most of what they kill

Herbivores

Predators that consume plants as prey. They usually only eat a portion of the individual plant without killing it

Parasites

Predators that live on or in the organism they consume, called the ‘host.’ They rarely causes the death of their host. They can cause diseases in their host called pathogens.

Parasitoids

Predators that are organisms that lay their eggs inside of other organisms. When the eggs hatch the larvae consume the host from the inside out, usually killing the host.

Mutualism

A symbiotic relationship in which both species involved benefit from the interaction by allowing for an increase in the probability of survival and/or reproduction

Commensalism

A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits from the interaction while the other species is not affected by the interaction

Parasitism

A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits from the interaction while the other species is harmed by the interaction

Resource partitioning

Using resources in different ways, places, or at different times. This can reduce the negative impact of competition

True predators

usually kill their prey and consume most of what they kill.

Competitive Exclusion

States that two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist

parasitoid

When the eggs hatch the larvae consume the host from the inside out, usually killing the host.

Parasites

live on or in the organism they consume, called the ‘ host.

Biotic

Organic matter, living things

EX

oysters, blue crabs, zooplankton, phytoplankton, jellyfish, kelp, grass, trees, birds, etc

Abiotic

Climate, nonliving things

EX

Sunlight, temperature, nutrients, humidity, soil, rocks

Mutualism

A symbiotic relationship in which both species involved benefit from the interaction by allowing for an increase in the probability of survival and/or reproduction

Commensalism

A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits from the interaction while the other species is not affected by the interaction

Parasitism

A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits from the interaction while the other species is harmed by the interaction

Resource partitioning

Using resources in different ways, places, or at different times

Competitive Exclusion

States that two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist