Chapter 8 minerals

acidosis

a condition in which excess acids accumulate it there is a loss of base in the body

alkaline

base; capable of neutralizing acids

alkalosis

condition in which excess base accumulates in, or acids are lost from the body

cardiovascular

pertaining to the heart and entire circulatory system

dehydration

loss of water

demineralization

loss of mineral or minerals

diuretics

substance used to increase the amount of urine excreted

edema

abnormal retention of fluid by the body

electrolytes

chemical compound that in water breaks up into electricity charged atoms called ions

enriched foods

foods to which nutrients, usually B vitamins and iron, have been added to improve the nutritional value

etiology

cause

extracellular

outside the cell

goiter

enlarged tissue of the thyroid gland due to a deficiency of iodine

heme iron

part of hemoglobin molecule in animal foods

hyperkalemia

excessive amounts of potassium in the blood

hypertension

higher than normal blood pressure

hypokalemia

low level of potassium in the blood

intracellular

within the cell

iodized salt

salt that has had the mineral iodine added for the prevention of goiter

ions

electrically charged atoms resulting from chemical reactions

iron deficiency

intake of iron is adequate, but the body has no extra iron stored

iron deficiency anemia

condition resulting from inadequate amount of iron in the diet, rescuing the amount of oxygen carried by the blood to the cells

Keshan disease

condition causing abnormalities in the heart muscle

myoglobin

protein compound in muscle that provides oxygen to cells

nonheme iron

iron from animal foods that is not part of the hemoglobin molecule; and all iron from plant food

osmosis

movement of a substance through a semi-preamble membrane

rickets

deficiency disease caused by the lack of calcium and vitamin D, causes malformed bones and pain in infants.

tetany

involuntary muscle movement

toxicity

state of being poisonous