Nationalism

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Brought some together - (Germany & Italy)

Tore some apart - (Austrian Empire & Ottoman Empire)

Otto von Bismarck

Prussian nationalist leader who led the unification of Germany using the following methods:

Blood & Iron

Realpolitik

Blood and Iron

policy of German unification put forth by Bismarck; belief that industry & war would unify Germany

Franco-Prussian War

This was a major war between the French and the Germans in 1871 that brought about the unification of Germany.

Giuseppe Mazzini

Italian nationalist whose writings spurred the movement for a unified and independent Italy (1805-1872)

"The Soul"

Young Italy

(1830) secret society, goal was a free and united Italy, founded by Mazzini

Camillo Cavour

Italian nationalist who became Prime Minister and worked to end Austrian rule in Italy.

"The Brain"

Giuseppe Garibaldi

A "super patriot" of Italy, he helped unify southern Italy with the help of his Red Shirts.

"The Sword"

Red Shirts (Italy)

Group of Italian volunteers started by Giuseppe Garibaldi. They fought for Italian Unification. They were proud Italian nationalists and had very liberal ideas.

Dual Monarchy

The joining of Austria and Hungary under two different crowns. Tore Austrian Empire apart

Russification

the process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian empire. Tears Russian Empire apart.

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice against Jews

Theodor Herzl

Austrian journalist and Zionist; formed World Zionist Organization in 1897; promoted Jewish migration to Palestine and formation of a Jewish state

Zionism

A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine.

Causes of German Unification

German speaking people lived in a number of German states (many also lived in Prussia & Austrian Empire.

Common language, common history, common culture.

German Unification Results

Industrial Giant

Large Population

Strong & large military

Upset Balance of Powers in Europe

Causes of Italian Unification

History, common language, common culture

Nationalism

Wanted "one free independent, republican nation."

Geography

It made economic sense because it would end trade barriers among Italian states

Stimulate industry

How was nationalism a dividing force in large empires?

Austrian Empire - multinational empire

Ottoman Empire - multinational empire

Austro-Hungarian Empire - Dual Monarchy

Jewish nationalist movement

Faced discrimination by other groups - anti-semitism

Pograms

Zionism was the movement for a Jewish homeland begun by Theodor Herzl