Unit 3 + 4 Vocab

AP Human Geography Chapters 4,5,6,7, and 8

CULTURE (folk & pop)

The beliefs, customs, arts, etc, of a particular society, group, place, or time

ARTIFACT (folk & pop)

A visible object that a group possesses and leaves behind for the future

FOLK CULTURE (folk & pop)

Traditionally practiced by small, homogeneous (identical culturally) groups living in isolated rural areas

POP CULTURE (folk & pop)

Found in large, heterogeneous (culturally diverse) societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

HABIT (folk & pop)

A repetitive action an individual performs

CUSTOM (folk & pop)

A repetitive action a group performs

TERROIR (folk & pop)

It's the sum of how the physical characteristics of a location influences the way the food tastes

TABOO (folk & pop)

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom

SYNCRETISM (folk & pop)

The combination of different forms of belief or practice, it can borrow from the past and present

UNIFORM LANDSCAPE (folk & pop)

The spatial expression of a popular custom in one location being similar to another

ACCULTURATION (folk & pop)

Process of adopting only certain customs that will be to people's advantage

ASSIMILATION (folk & pop)

Process of less dominant cultures losing their culture to a more dominant culture

CULTURAL IDENTITY (folk & pop)

One's belief in belonging to a group or certain cultural aspect

SEQUENCE OCCUPANCY (folk & pop)

The succeeding stages of human inhabitation (to live or dwell in a place) over time on one site. For example, examining the differences in how people lived who inhabited Worcester since the time it was an Indian settlement

MENTIFACT (folk & pop)

The central, enduring elements of a culture expressing its values and beliefs, including language, religion, folklore, and etc

SOCIOFACT (folk & pop)

The way in which a culture organizes their society and relates to one another

LANGUAGE (language)

A body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition

DENGLISH (language)

A combination of Deustch (the German word for German) and English

LITERARY TRADITION (language)

A system of written communication

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE (language)

An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other territory

LANGUAGE FAMILY (language)

A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history. People to whom we are related, who came before us, are our ancestors

LANGUAGE BRANCH (language)

A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago Differences are not as extensive or old as with language families

LANGUAGE GROUP (language)

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary

LOGOGRAMS (language)

A symbol that represents a word rather than a sound

VULGAR LATIN (language)

The Latin that was used by ancient Romans in a daily conversation The standard dialect was used for official documents

DIALECT (language)

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vo-cabulary, spelling, and pronunciation

ISOGLOSS (language)

A line on a map marking the limits of an area within which a feature of speech occurs, as the use of a particular word or pronunciation

STANDARD LANGUAGE (language)

The most accepted dialect for mass communication

RECEIVED PRONUNCIATION (language)

The dialect of English associated with upper class Britons living in the London area and now considered standard in the United Kingdom

CREOLE OR CREOLIZED (language)

The mixing of a colonizer's language with that of the indigenous (native) language of the people being dominated or colonized

ISOLATED LANGUAGE (language)

A language with no clear relationship with other languages such as Basque in North Eastern Spain

EXTINCT LANGUAGES (language)

A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used

LINGUA FRANCA (language)

The language of choice to conduct commerce or trade between people who do not speak the same native language

PIDGIN LANGUAGE (language)

Any simplified or broken form of a language, especially when used for communication between speakers of different languages

SPANGLISH (language)

A pidgin dialect mixing Spanish and English
EBONICS (language)

EBONICS (language)

Dialect spoken by some African Americans

IDEOGRAMS (language)

A written symbol that expresses an idea.

INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES (language)

The World's Largest Language Family

MONOLINGUAL (language)

One language spoken in a state or nation
MULTILINGUAL (language)

MULTILANGUAL (language)

Multiple languages spoken in a state or nation.

DEVELOPING LANGUAGE (language)

A language spoken in daily use with a literary tradition that is not widely distributed

FRANGLAIS (language)

A combination of francais and anglais (the French words for French and English respectively)

INSTITUTIONAL LANGUAGE (language)

A language used in education, work, mass media, and government

VIGOROUS LANGUAGE (language)

a language that is spoken in daily use but that lacks a literary tradition (Ianguage)

SUBDIALECT (language)

A subdivision of a dialect (language)

RELIGION (religion)

a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe (religion)

CONGREGATION (religion)

A local assembly of persons brought together for common religious worship. (religion)

SYNCRETIC (religion)

Combining several religious traditions (religion)

UNIVERSALIZING RELIGION (religion)

A religion that admits members of any culture as long as they practice the laws of that religion. (religion)

BRANCH (religion)

A fundamental division within a religion, such as Sunni and Shia Islam

DENOMINATION (religion)

A division of a branch of a religion Baptists are a Protestant denomination

SECT (religion)

is a group that is smaller than a denomination

BUDDHISM (religion)

A religion, originated in India by Buddha (Gautama) and later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment that enables one to halt the endless sequence of births and deaths to wich one must endure

REINCARNATION (religion)

The belief that the soul, upon death of the body, comes back to earth in another body or form

CHRISTIANITY (religion)

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as told in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

ISLAM (religion)

The religious faith of Muslims, based on the words and religious system founded by the prophet Muhammad and taught by the Quran, the basic principle of which is absolute submission to a unique and personal god,
Allah

JIHAD (religion)

Internal struggle/hardship or a holy war taken by Muslims

SUNNI (religion)

A member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad

SHARIA (religion)

The code of law based on the Quran

SHITE (religion)

A member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali and his descendants as the legitimate successors to Muhammad and rejects the first three caliphs

SIKHISM (religion)

Monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by the guru Nanak Sikhism rejects caste distinctions, idolatry (worshiping idols), and asceticism (severe self-discipline) and is characterized by belief in a cycle of reincarnation from which humans can free themselves by living righteous (good and meaningful) lives as active members of society

ETHNIC RELIGION (religion)

A religion whose principles are based on the physical characteristics of a particular location It appeals primarily to one group of people living in one area

HINDUISM (religion)

The common religion of India, it is polytheistic Most Hindu's have an allegiance to a particular god

JUDAISM (religion)

Religious beliefs and practices of the Jews One of the three great monotheistic world religions, Judaism began as the faith of the ancient Hebrews, and its sacred text is the Hebrew Bible, particularly the Torah

ATHEISM (religion)

The belief that God does not exist

AGNOSTICISM (religion)

Belief that the existence of a greater power, such as a god, cannot be proven or disproved; therefore an agnostic wallows in the complexity of the existence of higher beings

PAGAN (religion)

One of a people or community observing a polytheistic religion, as the ancient Romans and Greeks

ANIMISM (religion)

The oldest human religion in which people worship animals and forces of nature as spirits or deities

MONOTHEISM (religion)

The belief that there is only one God

POLYTHEISM (religion)

The worship of or belief in more than one god

MISSIONARIES (religion)

A person sent by a church into an area to carry on evangelism (spreading of the Christian gospel) or other activities, as educational or hospital work

GHETTOS (religion)

A part of a city, especially in a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups

PILGRIMAGE (religion)

A journey, especially long one, made to some sacred place as an act of religious devotion

HADJ/HAJJ (religion)

A pilgrimage to Mecca during made as an objective of the religious life of a Muslim.One of the 5 pillars of Islam

COSMOGONY (religion)

A theory of the origin of the universe

SOLSTICE (religion)

Either of the two times in the year, the summer solstice and the winter solstice, when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon, marked by the longest and shortest days

HIERARCHICAL RELIGION (religion)

A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control

MORMONISM (religion)

An American religion based on an ancient prophet believed to have compiled a sacred history of the Americas, which were translated and published by Joseph Smith as the Book of Mormon in 1830

AUTONOMOUS RELIGION (religion)

Characterized by self-sufficient denominations or groups of believers with little interaction between religious com-munities

FUNDAMENTALISM (religion)

A usually religious movement characterized by a return to fundamental principles, by rigid acceptance of those principles, and often by intolerance of other views and opposition to secularism (absence of religion)

CASTE (religion)

A hereditary (by birth) social group limited to persons of the same rank, occupation, economic position, etc., and having customs distinguishing it from other such groups

SACRED SPACE (religion)

Holy places of a religion set aside for purely spiritual use

SECULARISM (religion)

Activities that have no religious or spiritual basis. (religion)

SHINTOISM (religion)

The native religion of Japan, primarily a system of nature and ancestor worship

FENG SHUI (religion)

The Chinese art or practice of positioning objects, especially graves, buildings, and furniture, based on a belief in patterns of yin and yang and the flow of chi that have positive and negative effects

CONFUCIANISM (religion)

A system of ethics, founded on the teachings of Confucius, that influenced the traditional culture of China Confucianism places a high value on learning and stresses family relationships

CULT (religion)

A religion or sect considered to be false or extremist, under the direction of a charismatic leader (claims divine inspiration)

DEITY (religion)

God or gods, creator, supreme being

THEOCRACY (religion)

A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god

TAOISM (religion)

The philosophical system advocating a life of complete simplicity and naturalness and of noninterference with the course of natural events, in order to attain a happy existence in harmony with the Tao

ETHNICITY (ethnicity)

Identity with or membership in a particular racial, national, or cultural group and observance of that group's customs, beliefs, and language

RACISM (ethnicity)

The belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

ETHNIC ENCLAVE (ethnicity)

A place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area

RACIST (ethnicity)

A person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism

ETHNOBURB (ethnicity)

A suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic
population

RACE (ethnicity)

Physical characteristics such as body shape, skin color, hair texture, eye color

SHARECROPPER (ethnicity)

A tenant farmer who pays as rent a share of the crop

TRIANGULAR SLAVE TRADE (ethnicity)

a pattern of colonial commerce in which enslaved people were bought on the African Gold Coast with New England rum and then traded in the West Indies for sugar or molasses, which was brought back to New England to be manufactured into rum

WHITE FLIGHT (ethnicity)

The retreat of Anglo Americans from communities that ethnic minorities, primarily African Americans relocate to

BLOCKBUSTING (ethnicity)

A practice used by real estate agents and developers in the United States to encourage white property owners to sell their homes by giving the impression that minority groups (such as African Americans) were moving into their previously racially segregated neighborhood