Chapter 17: Blood

5.25 L

How much blood to we have?

7.35-7.45

What is the pH range for blood?

It is brighter in color

What happens to blood color if there is more O2?

Erythrocytes

What makes blood viscous?

Liver

Where are most plasma proteins produced?

Albumin

Major transport protein of blood & contributes to water content

Albumin

Which plasma protein keeps water in the blood?

Water would leave the blood supply and move to surrounding tissue; blood pressure would decrease

What would happen to water content of the blood plasma if albumin was absent?

Fibrinogen

Soluble protein that functions in blood clotting

Globulins

Class of chemically active proteins (transport proteins, antibodies, etc.)

No

Are leukocytes mitotic?

No

Are thrombocytes mitotic?

No

Are erythrocytes mitotic?

Hematopoiesis

What is the process that produced all three types of blood cells?

Red bone marrow

Where does hematopoiesis take place?

Hematopoietic stem cells

What stem cell do all blood cells arise from

transport of respiratory gases

What are erythrocytes responsible for?

It can hold more O2

What advantage does erythrocytes have by not having a nuclei or most organelles?

A heme pigment bound to globin protein

What is a hemoglobin composed of?

There is more room for O2 to enter the blood cell

How do erythrocytes having a large surface area to volume ratio contribute to gas exchange?

O2 does not need to travel far to enter/leave the cell

How do erythrocytes having a flattened disc-shape contribute to gas exchange?

It does not use the O2 it carries to make ATP

How do erythrocytes having an anaerobic mechanism for energy production contribute to gas exchange?

Erythropoiesis

What is the production of red blood cells called?

Proerythroblast

In erythropoiesis, what does the hematopoietic stem cell commit to?

Hypoxia

What term is used to describe the effects of too few erythrocytes?

Blood becomes too thick

What happens when there are too many erythrocytes?

Erythropoietin and Testosterone

What hormones are responsible for the control of erythropoiesis?

Blood loss

What causes and increase in EPO release

B12, Folic acid, and Iron

What specialized dietary nutrients are needed for erythrocyte production?

Needed for normal DNA synthesis

How does B12 and Folic acid contribute to erythrocyte production?

Liver and spleen

Where in the body is iron stored?

Transferrin

What is free iron bound too?

120 days

What is the average lifespan of erythrocytes?

Bilirubin

What is heme broken down into?