Unit 13: enlightenment

what were some of the bold new ideas during the enlightenment?

• freedom of speech

• Monarchs exists to serve the state and support citizens welfare

• Every person should be equal

• Separator of powers within the government and

• Separation of church and state

• Wollstonecrat - equality for women through education

• Democracy

causes of the French Revolution

• lacks of justice or rights in the rule of law

• Abuse of power (palace Versailles)

• Unfair taxation

• Separation between rich and poor

• More commoners than nobles

• Empowering ideas, came up with there own declaration

Effects of the French Revolution

• monarchy is gone (France becomes a weak democracy and Napoleon becomes Emperor)

• ends feudalism (nobility owns land, peasants must work on that land for protection)

• Brought people into politics

• Growth of nationalism

1st estate

the clergy, people who worked in the church

2nd estate

nobility, kings, queens, nobles of the sword

3rd estate

Everyone else, includes lawyers doctors, and peasants

what was the reign of terror

• radical phase of French revolution where all “suspects” against the revolution were executed without trial

• In 1 year, 40,00 people died!

• “Striking terror into the hearts of those in the republic!”

• Spies in Paris

• No freedom of speech

• Mass massacres

• Changing calendar —> no sundays

causes of the Haitian revolution

• French Revolution - weakened French colonial power in saint Dominque

• Slaves worked under hard conditions and were treated harshly

• Racial hierarchy

effects of the Haitian revolution

• first to abolish slavery - first black nation in western hemisphere

• Independence from France as they became their own country

• Inspired other revolutions

• Economical instability as they had to pay compensation

what is voodoo

• incorporate elements of Catholicism

• Involves worship of spirits

• They have rituals and practices aimed to be protected from spirits

• Often misunderstood and see as witchcraft or “black magic” - but is a complex religion with diverse practices

how does voodoo relate to Haitian revolution

• came from enslaved people in Africa - it liberated them

• Africans who were enslaved during the revolution practiced this religion in which it brought them hope

• ‘United people and where revolution started (at voodoo ceremony)

causes of the u.s. occupation of Haiti

• came with the goal that would help restore order and maintain political and economic stability in Haiti

• Wanted to prevent European influence: wanted more American commercial and political influence in Haiti

• Claimed to be spreading democracy and nation building but was done through forced labor of the Haitian people

effects of the U.S. occupation of Haiti

• 15,000 Haitians were killed

• U.S. installed puppet governments were crushed

• Took care of their finances for a bit longer

• Increased their economic dependency on the U.S.

causes of the Latin American revolution

• Spain was at a weak point

• Taxed

• Couldn’t have certain jobs (creoles)

• Inspired by other revolutions (creoles)

Effects of the Latin American revolutions

• became new countries throughout Americas

• Leaders educated in enlightenment ideas

• Independence was successful