Chapter 9

A & P

What do you need for muscles to move?

ATP & Calcium

Calcium and Vitamin C

Vitamin C and ATP

ATP Alone

ATP and Calcium

What is the difference between a tendon and an aponeurosis?

A tendon is a cord-like mass of connective tissue that connects MUSCLE-BONE

An Aponeurosis is a cord-like mass of connective tissue that connects MUSCLE-BONE/SKIN/OTHER MUSCLE

Define Fascia:

Thin covering of connective tissue around a muscle

surrounding muscle fibers within a fascicle

sheet-like mass of connective tissue that connects a muscle to bone

cord-like mass of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Thin covering of connective tissue around a muscle

Which of the following is NOT a tissue covering over skeletal muscles?

Fascia

Tendon

Endomysium

Aponeurosis

Endomysium is not a tissue covering (think Endo=inside -Mysium=Muscle)

Which of the following is the deepest layer of a skeletal muscle?

Aponeurosis

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

Endomysium

Sort the below layers of a skeletal muscle from outermost layer to innermost layer

Perimysium

Epimysium

Endomysium

Epimysium-Perimysium-Endomysium

What is the correct definition of Sarcolemma?

Relays electrical impulses to the SR

Cell membrane of muscle fiber

Cytoplasm of muscle fiber

Endoplasmic Reticulum of muscle

Cell membrane of muscle fiber

What is the correct definition of Sarcoplasm?

Relays electrical impulses to the SR

Cell membrane of muscle fiber

Cytoplasm of muscle fiber

Endoplasmic Reticulum of muscle

Cytoplasm of muscle fiber

What is the correct definition of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

Relays electrical impulses to the SR

Cell membrane of muscle fiber

Cytoplasm of muscle fiber

Endoplasmic Reticulum of muscle that store calcium

Endoplasmic Reticulum of muscle that store calcium

What is the correct definition of Transversee (T) Tubule?

Relays electrical impulses to the SR

Cell membrane of muscle fiber

Cytoplasm of muscle fiber

Endoplasmic Reticulum of muscle

Relays electrical impulses to the SR

What is the correct definition of Myofibrils?

Relays electrical impulses to the SR

Cell membrane of muscle fiber

Long parallel structures that run down length of muscle fiber

Endoplasmic Reticulum of muscle

Long parallel structures that run down length of muscle fiber

What makes up Myofibrils in the skeletal muscle fiber?

Vitamin C

Calcium

Sarcomeres

Fibrils

Sarcomeres

What makes up a Striation pattern?

Sarcomeres

T Tubules

Myofibrils

Myelin

Myofibrils

What two conditions must be met for a muscle to contract?

Vitamin A & Vitamin C

ATP & Calcium

Calcium and Vitamin D

ATP and Vitamin D

ATP & Calcium

Which of the following muscle tissues are voluntarily controlled?

Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Which of the following muscle tissues are found in the walls of internal organs?

Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Which of the following is NOT a function of the neuromuscular junction?

Skeletal muscle fibers contract when stimulated my motor neurons

a type of synapse

axon motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers interact

creates receptor neurons

the neuromuscular junction has nothing to do with creating receptor neurons

Which filament does Calcium attach to?

Thick Filaments

Thin Filaments

Thin filaments have calcium

Which filament does Myosin attach to?

Thick Filaments

Thin Filaments

Thick filaments

Which of the following controls a skeletal muscle fiber?

Motor Neuron

Motor End Plate

Synaptic Vesicles

Neurotransmitters

Motor Neuron

Which of the following are the chemicals released by motor neurons to deliver messages to the muscle fibers?

Motor Neuron

Motor End Plate

Synaptic Vesicles

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters

Which of the following is where neurotransmitters bind to skeletal muscle fiber?

Motor Neuron

Motor End Plate

Synaptic Vesicles

Synaptic cleft

Motor End Plate

Which of the following is the space between neuron and muscle fiber, where the neurotransmitter travels??

Motor Neuron

Motor End Plate

Synaptic Vesicles

Synaptic Cleft

Synaptic Cleft

Which of the following are membrane-bound sacs containing neurotransmitters??

Motor Neuron

Motor End Plate

Synaptic Vesicles

Neurotransmitters

Synaptic vesicles

What is the function of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in the Neuromuscular Junction?

The SR opens up to receive energy ATP from the Mitochondria

of the following, which is NOT a function of Aceytlycholine ACh for skeletal muscle fibers?

stimulates skeletal muscle fibers

causes changes in membrane permeability to Na and K ions

causes muscle impulse that release calcium from SR= contraction

shuts down neurotranmitting process

shuts down neurotransmission process is incorrect because ACh is a stimulant

What is the neurotransmitter that comes from a nerve?

ATP

ADP

Mitochondria

Aceytlcholine

Acytlcholine

What is Calcium stored in the skeletal muscle cell?

Dendrites

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Thin Filaments

Thick Filaments

Calcium is stored in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

What ions enable muscle function (turn it on)?

Sodium and Oxygen

ATP and Calcium

Calcium and Sodium

Sodium and Nitrogen

Calcium and Sodium turn the muscles on

What ions inhibit muscle function (turn it off)?

Sodium and Oxygen

ATP and Calcium

Calcium and Sodium

Potassium

Potassium inhibits muscle function

What enzyme is used to decompose the remaining ACH in the muscle synapse during relaxation?

Aceytlcholinate

Aceytlchlorine

Aceytlcholinsterase

Aceytlcholate

Aceytlcholinsterase

Where is excess Calcium stored when in relaxation?

Nucleus

Mitchondria

ACH

Calcium Pump

excess Calcium is stored in the Calcium pump

What is the first source of energy for a muscle contraction to occur?

ATP reserves

Nucleus

Axon

Dendritres

ATP reserves are the first place of energy to contract a muscle

What is used as the initial source of energy to regenerate ATP (energy) from ADP and P?

Mitochondria

ATP reserves

Calcium Pump

Creatine Phosphate

Creatine Phosphate is used to give a slight 10 sec boost of energy

What needs to occur to sustain longer period of muscle contraction?

Mitosis

Oxygen

Calcium

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration (all the processes) needs to occur because the more a muscle is used, the less energy it will take later on to contract the muscle.

Why is the anaerobic phase of Cellular Respiration bad in terms of ATP?

(Glycolysis)Barely any ATP is made

produced Lactic Acid which is bad

What is it called when there is an inability to contract a muscle, accumulation of lactic acid, decreased blood flow, and ion imbalance across sarcolemma?

Muscle Spasm

Muscle Cramp

Muscle Fatigue

Muscle Atrophy

Muscle Fatigue

What is ti called when there is sustained involuntary muscle contraction casued my changes in electrolyte concentration in extracellular fluids int he area?

Muscle Spasm

Muscle Cramp

Muscle Fatigue

Muscle Atrophy

Muscle cramp

In a recording of a muscle contraction, what is the delay between stimulation and start of contraction?

Period of contraction

Period of relaxation

Latent PeriodTetany

Muscle cramp

Latent Period

What is it called when there are involuntary muscle contractions?

Tetany

Summation

Muscle Fatigue

Tetany

What is muscle tone?

Continuous state of partial contraction in resting muscles

brain waves

Sustanted contractions in latency

Continuous state of partial contraction in resting muscles

Which type of muscle contraction is a shortening contraction that occurs during basic lifting?

Isotonic

Cocentric

Eccentric

Isometric

Concentric

Which type of contraction is it when there is a lengthening contraction that occurs when force is not sufficient to lift an object (not enough gains to lift)

Isotonic

Concentric

Eccentric

Isometric

Eccentric

What is it called when the muscle contracts but does not change length?

Isotonic

Cocentric

Eccentric

Isometric

Isometric

What is it called when you need the minimum amount of Aceytlcholine to get a muscle contraction started?

Threshold

Metabolism

Catabolism

ATP

Threshold

Of the muscle fibers, which type is completely anaerobic, fund in muscles of the hands and eyes, and is suceptabel to fatigue?

SLow Twitch (SO SLow Oxidative) 1

Fast Twitch (FG Fast Glycolic)11b

Fast Twitch (Fast Oxidative)11a

Fast Glycolic is found in muscles of hand and eyes

Of the muscle fibers, which type is the lease common, and slightly resistant to fatugue?

SLow Twitch (SO SLow Oxidative) 1

Fast Twitch (FG Fast Glycolic)11b

Fast Twitch (FO Fast Oxidative)11a

Fast Oxidative is somewhat resistant to fatigue

Of the muscle fibers, which type is resistant to fatigue and has good blood supply?

SLow Twitch (SO SLow Oxidative) 1

Fast Twitch (FG Fast Glycolic)11b

Fast Twitch (Fast Oxidative)11a

Slow Oxidative is resistant to fatigue and has good blood supply

What neurotransmitter is needed to stimulate smooth muscle?

ACHWhat neurotrnasmitter is

what neurotransmitter is needed to stimulate skeletal muscle contractions?

ach & calcium

ach and Norepinepherine

adrenaline and water

ACH and norepinepherine

Of the types of smooth mucle, which one is found in the iris of the eye and on walls of blood vessels?

Multi-unit smooth muscle

Visceral (single unit) smooth musccle

Multi-unit smooth muscle

Of the types of smooth muscle, which one is stimulated by nurons and hormones?

Multi-unit smooth muscle

Visceral (single unit) smooth musccle

Multi-unit smooth muscle

Of the types of smooth muscle, which one is held togethe by gap junctions and is the most common type of smooth muscle?

Multi-unit smooth muscle

Visceral (single unit) smooth musccle

Visceral (single unit) smooth musccle

Of the types of smooth muscle, which one is found in the walls of most hollow organs?

Multi-unit smooth muscle

Visceral (single unit) smooth musccle

Visceral (single unit) smooth musccle

Which is more resistant to fatigue?

Smooth Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Which of the following is triggered by stretching?

Smooth Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Which one needs calodulin instead of troponin?

Smooth Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Which of the follow is quick to contract and relax?

Smooth Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal Msucle

Does the cardiac muscle have ustained contractions (tetany)?

No, that would kill you

Of the roles of muscles when performing certain actions, which of the follow is the muscle whose contraction causes movement in the opposite direction of the prime move?

Agonist

Synergists

Prime Mover

Antagonist

Antagonist

Of the roles of muscles when performing certain actions, which of the following is the muscle that causes an action?

Agonist

Synergists

Prime Mover

Antagonist

Agonist and Prime mover are the same thinf

Of the roles of muscles when performing certain actions, which of the following is primarily responsible for movvement?

Agonist

Synergists

Prime Mover

Antagonist

Agonist and Prime Mover are the same thing

Of the roles of muscles when performing certain actions, which of the following is the muscles that assist the agonist/prime mover?

Agonist

Synergists

Prime Mover

Antagonist

Synergists

What controlls skeletal muscles?

Nerves

hormones

Impulses

Contractions

Nerves control skeletal muskles