mirco dr. c

Rhinovirus

Viral: Picorna (naked +ssRNA) 

Common cold, pharyngitis

ICAM-1 receptor cells 

Prefers temp slightly below BT so stays nasally 

No fever = cold 

Adenovirus

Viral: (naked dsDNA) 

Common cold, swimming pool conjunctivitis 

Respiratory and fecal matter transmission

Can cause ARDS (military recruits) serotypes 4 and 7

Strep pyogenes

Bacterial: Gram positive cocci 

Strep throat: can complicate to scarlet fever and rheumatic fever 

Sore throat with exudate / Strawberry tongue and sandpaper rash / Endocarditis and polyarthritis 

M protein: antiphagocytic 

SPE: superantigen 

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Bacterial: gram positive rod 

Diphtheria (respiratory and cutaneous) 

Pseudomembrane, bull neck / chronic nonhealing ulcer 

Diphtheria toxin 

Tinsdale agar

Haemophilus Influenzae B

Bacterial: gram negative rod 

Epiglotititus 

Inflammation and edema, cant breath, drooling, children (need to intubate / ceftriaxone) 

Capsule

Chocolate agar (factors Vand X) 

Bordetella pertussis

Bacterial: gram negative coccobacillus 

Whooping cough 

Pertussis and tracheal toxins 

Pertactin and filamentous hemagglutin 

Regan lowe agar 

Strep pneumoniae

Bacterial: gram positive cocci 

Typical pneumonia : Productive cough, rust colored sputum 

Capsule, adhesin, IgA protease

Pneumolusin (lyses ciliated epithelial cells) 

Seasonal, fall winter 

Optochin sensitive

Mycoplasma pneumoniae 

Acid fast

Atypical pneumoniae : Nonproductive cough, excessive sweating

Capsule 

Adheres to base of cilia 

All year round 

Chlamydophila pneuminias 

Gram neg rod (cant see on gram stain)

Atypical pneumonia : Nonproductive cough, mild fever

Chlamydophila psittaci 

Parrot fever (atypical pneumonia) 

Non productive cough

Legionella pneumophila

Gram neg rod, intracellular tho

Legionnaires disease 

Abrupt onset fever, dry cough, myalgia

Water cooling towers and AC units 

Buffered charcoal yeast extract 

High risk: smokers, copd

Bacillus anthracis 

Gram positive rods in chains (boxcar) 

Anthrax 

Edema factor, lethal factor 

Shock and death 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

HAP

Gram neg rod 

Biofilm, ventilators

COVID

(Enveloped +ssRNA) 

ACE2 and S proteins

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Acid fast rod

TB: Productive cough, bloody sputum

Chord factor 

Lowenstein Jensen agar, PPD screen 

Staph aureus

Gram positive cocci

Food poisoning: severe vomiting, cramps 

Enterotoxins A-E (heat stable)

Bacillus cereus

Gram positive rod 

Gastroenteritis: vomiting, cramps / watery diarrhea 

Extotoxin increases cAMP 

Endospores

E.coli

Gram negative rod 

Gastroenteritis “travelers diarrhea”, explosive watery diarrhea, ETEC (increase cAMP)

progression to bloody diarrhea, EHEC (shiga like toxin)   

Salmonella

Gram negative rod

Typhoid fever 

Constipation 

Taken up by then destroys M cells to enter (causes immune system to get upset)

Rose spots 

Shigella

Gram negative rod 

Shigellosis 

Watery or bloody diarrhea 

Hemolytic uremic syndrome 

Shiga toxin

Vibrio cholerae

Gram neg curved rod

Ricewater stool 

Cholera toxin 

TCBC agar

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Gram neg curved rod 

Explosive watery diarrhea 

Uncooked seafood 

TCBS

Campylobacter jejuni

Gram neg spiral 

Bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain 

Flagella 

Grows at 42 degrees C

Helicobacter pylori

Gram negative spiral 

Chronic gastritis to peptic ulcer 

Flagella 

Urease neutralizes stomach acid

Clostridium difficile

Gram positive rod

Colitis 

Malodorous diarrhea

Pseudomembrane formation, toxin A and B disrupt tight junctions

Caused by antibiotics

Clostridium botulinum

Gram positive rod 

Botulism 

Flaccid paralysis 

Ingestion of toxin (spores if infant)

Rotavirus

Viral: reo virus (naked dsDNA) 

Kids younger than 2 

Vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration

Norovirus

Viral: calicivirus (naked +ssRNA) 

Kids older than 2 

“Winter vomiting disease” 

Giardia lambia

Protozoa: cysts and trophozoites (attaches to intestinal villi) 

Beaver fever 

Foul smelling diarrhea

Enterobius vermicularis 

Pinworm 

Itchy butt at night 

Ingestion of eggs

Scotch tape test