respiratory anatomy lab exam

Which structure allows air to travel between the pharynx and middle ear?

Pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube

The epiglottis is composed of what type of cartilage?

Elastic cartilage

Which lung possesses a horizontal fissure?

Right lung

What type of epithelium lines the frontal sinus?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Alveolar sac

Respiratory zone

Nasal cavity

Conducting zone

Pharynx

Conducting zone

Trachea

Conducting zone

Larynx

Conducting zone

Respiratory bronchiole

Respiratory zone

Main bronchus

Conducting zone

Which two structures are connected via a respiratory membrane?

Alveoli and capillaries

What occurs across the respiratory membrane?

Gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion)

Where is the nasal septum located?

Between the two nasal cavities

What problems might occur as a result of a deviated septum?

Difficulty breathing, nasal congestion, sinus infections

How many lobes does the right lung have?

3

Name the lobes of the right lung.

Superior, middle, inferior

How many lobes does the left lung have?

2

Name the lobes of the left lung.

Superior, inferior

What are the branches of the right main (primary) bronchus?

Superior, middle, and inferior lobar bronchi

Which cartilage of the larynx has a prominence known as the Adam's apple?

Thyroid cartilage

Which structure covers the opening to the larynx to prevent food and/or liquid from entering the glottis when swallowing?

Epiglottis

What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

What type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

What type of epithelium lines the oropharynx?

Stratified squamous

What type of epithelium lines the laryngopharynx?

Stratified squamous

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

What type of epithelium lines the alveolus?

Simple squamous

The respiratory diaphragm is innervated by which nerve?

Phrenic nerve

Which group of muscles assists the diaphragm during respiration to elevate the ribs and expand the thoracic cavity?

Intercostal muscles

The trachea is kept open by cartilage rings composed of what type of cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage

Which type of alveolar cell secretes surfactant?

Type II alveolar cells

What is the purpose of surfactant?

Reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse

Which cells located within the epithelium contribute mucus to the secretions lining most respiratory structures?

Goblet cells

What structure is formed by the fusion of simple squamous epithelium of an alveolus and simple squamous epithelium of a capillary via a basement membrane?

Respiratory membrane

What type of tissue composes the lamina propria?

Areolar connective tissue

Do the pulmonary arteries contain oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Deoxygenated blood

Which type of muscle is found within the bronchi?

Smooth muscle

Under sympathetic control, is bronchial smooth muscle relaxed or constricted?

Relaxed

Which bronchial cells or structures increase their mucosal secretions in response to histamine?

Goblet cells and mucous glands

What is the best initial treatment for chronic bronchial asthma?

Bronchodilator

Why is a bronchodilator the best initial treatment for chronic bronchial asthma?

It relaxes smooth muscle and opens the airways