LOW-T TOPIC 4: SPECIATION, SOLUBILITY, Ksp & SI
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16 Terms
peciation definition
distribution of an element among different aqueous chemical forms
Why speciation matters
toxicity and mobility depend on species not total concentration
Speciation controls
pH Eh ligands temperature pressure
Why assumptions are made
equilibrium assumed to make complex systems mathematically tractable
Speciation diagrams purpose
identify dominant species not exclusive species
Solubility definition
maximum dissolved amount under given conditions
Solubility product Ksp
equilibrium constant for mineral dissolution
Why activities used
ionic interactions reduce effective concentration
Activity coefficient meaning
γ corrects for non-ideal behaviour
Ionic strength effect
increasing ionic strength lowers activity coefficients
Saturation index definition
SI = log(IAP / Ksp)
SI interpretation
SI < 0 dissolution SI > 0 precipitation
Carbonate system importance
CO₂ controls pH and solubility
Fun exam fact
many waters are supersaturated yet do not precipitate
Diagram card – Speciation
draw pH vs species dominance diagram
Calculation card – SI
plug values into SI equation and interpret sign
Note 
Flashcards (115)