Mechanics of Materials - Chapter 1 Review

Flashcards reviewing principles of statics and mechanics of materials, including stress, strain, equilibrium, and design considerations.

Mechanics of Materials

A branch of mechanics that studies the internal effects of stress and strain in a solid body subjected to an external loading.

Stress

Associated with the strength of the material from which the body is made; force per unit area.

Strain

A measure of the deformation of the body.

Galileo

Experimented with the effects of loads on rods and beams in the seventeenth century.

Surface Forces

Forces caused by direct contact of one body with the surface of another.

Concentrated

When the area of contact is small compared to the total surface area, the surface force can be idealized as a single __ force.

Linear Distributed Load

If the surface loading is applied along a narrow strip of area, it can be idealized as a __.

Body Force

A force developed when one body exerts a force on another without direct physical contact.

Support Reactions

The surface forces that develop at the supports or points of contact between bodies.

Force

If the support prevents translation in a given direction, then a __ must be developed on the member in that direction.

Couple Moment

If rotation is prevented, a __ must be exerted on the member.

Forces, Moments

Equilibrium of a body requires a balance of to prevent translation, and a balance of to prevent rotation.

Free-Body Diagram

A diagram that requires complete specification of all known and unknown forces that act on the body.

Method of Sections

Used to determine the resultant loadings that act within a body.

Normal Force

Acts perpendicular to the area; developed when external loads tend to push or pull on the two segments of the body.

Shear Force

Lies in the plane of the area; developed when the external loads tend to cause the two segments of the body to slide over one another.

Torsional Moment (Torque)

Developed when external loads tend to twist one segment of the body with respect to the other about an axis perpendicular to the area.

Bending Moment

Caused by the external loads that tend to bend the body about an axis lying within the plane of the area.

Normal Stress

The intensity of force acting normal to an area.

Tensile Stress

Normal stress that pulls on an area.

Compressive Stress

Normal stress that pushes on an area.

Shear Stress

The intensity of force acting tangent to an area.

Homogeneous Material

Material having the same physical and mechanical properties throughout its volume.

Isotropic Material

Material having the same properties in all directions.

Factor of Safety

The ratio of failure load to allowable load.