History of Medicine Review

These flashcards cover key figures, discoveries, and concepts in the history of medicine.

Who discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic?

Alexander Fleming.

What did Sigmund Freud develop and study?

Psychoanalysis.

Which ancient civilization was the first to keep medical records?

The Egyptians.

What significant contribution did Rhazes (Al-Razi) make to medicine?

Sutures using animal intestines

Who developed the first successful polio vaccine?

Jonas Salk.

What practices did the Chinese use in medicine?

Herbal medicine and acupuncture, emphasizing treating the whole body.

Who was the first woman to receive a medical degree in the U.S.?

Elizabeth Blackwell.

What did William Roentgen discover?

X-rays.

Who is known as the Father of Genetics?

Gregor Mendel.

What significant invention did Gabriel Fahrenheit create?

The first mercury thermometer and Fahrenheit temperature scale.

What happened to medicine during the Dark Ages?

Medicine stopped developing; focus shifted to prayer and religion.

What did Robert Koch contribute to medical science?

Identified bacteria

What disease is caused by HIV, discovered in the early 1980s?

AIDS.

Who explained how blood circulates through the body?

William Harvey.

What did Florence Nightingale found?

Modern nursing and standardized nursing education

What public health advancements did the Romans contribute?

Built sewers and aqueducts, emphasizing public health and cleanliness.

Who created the first vaccine against smallpox?

Edward Jenner.

Who is known as the Father of Medicine?

Hippocrates.

What antiseptic technique did Joseph Lister introduce?

Antiseptic techniques during surgery to prevent infection.

What did Marie Curie discover?

radiation.

Who founded the American Red Cross?

Clara Barton.

How did George Washington's death influence medicine?

Pneumonia.

What contribution did Leonardo da Vinci make to medicine?

Detailed anatomical sketches that helped understand human body structure.

What discovery did Louis Pasteur make regarding microorganisms?

Rabies vaccines.

What does the FDA regulate?

The safety of medications and food products.

Who improved microscopes and discovered microorganisms?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

What medical device did Rene Laennec invent?

The stethoscope.

Who performed the first successful human heart transplant?

Christiaan Barnard.

What did Benjamin Franklin invent related to vision?

Glasses

Who is known for separating conjoined twins?

Ben Carson.

What did Harald zur Hausen discover?

That HPV causes cervical cancer.

Who discovered blood types and enabled safe blood transfusions?

Karl Landsteiner.

What did Walter Reed prove about mosquitoes?

That they transmit yellow fever.

What anesthetic did Sir James Young Simpson introduce?

Medical forceps

What advancements in blood storage did Charles Drew develop?

Large-scale blood banks and plasma storage.