GERIA - WEEK 9 (CARDIO)

Hypertension

A Raise in blood pressure.

Essential hypertension

no known cause (95%)

Secondary hypertension

elevation of Blood pressure from a disease process

Coronary heart disease

also known as Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) or Ischemic Heart Disease

Coronary heart disease

Caused by hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels of the heart. (Atherosclerosis)

Myocardial Infarction

Main cause: CAD

Myocardial Infarction

Pain - Crushing or substernal and may radiate to jaw, neck, L arm, Unrelieved by nitroglycerin or rest

Complications of acute myocardial infarction

C - ardiogenic shock

A - rrhytmias (most common)

R - ecrurrent chest discomfort

Myocardial Infarction

- Morphine (Relieves MI pain)

- Aspirin

- ACE INHIBITOR

Thrombolytic

- Dissolve thrombus/ clot in coronary arteries

- T-PA (alteplase)

- Streptokinase

Thrombolytic

- Assess Pain

- O2

- Semi fowlers , Bedrest

Stable Angina

- Relieved by rest & drugs

- Occurs during exertion

Unstable Angina

- Not relieved by rest & drug

- Occurs on exertion emotion

Prinzmetal's Angina

Cause: Arterial Spasm

Prinzmetal's Angina

may occur at rest

Nitroglycerin

drug of choice for angina

Heart Failure

Cause: Myocardial Infarction, Incompetent valves, Cardiomyopathy

Heart Failure

Medications:

- Diuretics (pulmonary congestion)

- Vasodilators (preload)

- Digoxin (improve cardiac contractility)